都會社區高地供水系統之行動者網絡研究

An Actor-network Analysis of Highland Water Supply System in Metropolitan Community

台北市之自來水普及率已達99.6%，但事實上北市自來水事業處之一般供水僅達一段加壓可及之範圍，以至於台北盆地周圍地勢較高地區之集合住宅經常是未能供水與維護管線的地區，35處高地社區有嚴重水管老舊與漏水問題。鑑於學界少有研究探討真實的社區行動者網絡之組構過程，本研究以台北市MS里為對象，引入行動者網絡理論來認識社區中高地供水系統的非人行動者關鍵角色，藉此分析長達10年期間為解決高地供水問題的社區以及其行動者網絡的動態歷程。研究發現，高地供水系統作為技術物，供水網絡區分了社區行動者，促成包含人與非人行動者之間的行動者網絡。更特別的是透過供水系統治理的過程，日常生活切身的高地供水系統與一群倡議的居民，催生了社區內的四個管理委員會以及重啟MS里的社區發展協會，互相建構出超越供水系統治理的社區發展協會和幾個關鍵的志工團隊，並跨出自己的次社區成為有力的行動者，其治理網絡運作逐漸穩定下來。最後社區發展協會整合了里行政組織造就該里的協力治理團隊，形成這段期間該里行動者網絡的動態樣貌。

The water supply serves 99.6% of total population of Taipei City. In fact, however, the Taipei Water Department only supplied water reaching the areas with level up to first normal compression. In highland areas of the Taipei basin periphery, communities often have an insufficient water supply and pipeline maintenance. Thirty-five highland communities encountered serious problems in terms of pipe damage and water leakage. This study applied actor-network theory to identify the critical role of nonhuman actor for highland water supply system at community level. Since the formation of real actor-network communities is rarely studied, this study targeted the case of MS administrative community to understand the dynamic change of actor-network of community for solving the problem of highland water supply system which was extended efforts of residents for 10 years duration. This study found that, by using the highland water supply system as an artifact, the water supply network can reveal the community actors and enact the actor-networks among human and nonhuman actors. Specifically, through the governing processes of the water supply system, the highland water supply system related to a group of initial residents of community daily life hastened the establishment of 4 management committees and reviving the MS community development association. The association inter-organized with some critical voluntary groups and controlled the governance of the water supply system. They strode out of sub-communities to become the voice actors and then gradually stabilized the functions of the governance network. Finally, the association integrated with the community administration to achieve a collaborative governance group and shaped the periodically dynamic morphology of actor-network of MS community as well.