封閉式中庭鋪面類型及尺度對微氣候之影響

Effect of Closed Courtyard Pavement Type and Dimension on Microclimate

都市的快速發展，導致建築在高度與密度的迅速上升，都市內綠色基盤建設嚴重不足，使得都市熱島強度愈漸增加。若透過集合住宅中庭的綠化及其蒸散效果，中庭空間可作為減緩都市熱島效應的主要空間之一。故本研究以封閉式中庭之建築形式，透過不同鋪面性質及其設置面積比例、風速變化為變因，進行熱與風環境之探討。研究以實際量測與計算流體力學（computational fluid dynamics, CFD）模擬進行比較，於CFD中設定熱通量（heat flux）作為不同鋪面類型之模擬，透過實際量測鋪面熱通量作為設定參考，藉以了解建築中庭鋪面設置對於減緩都市熱島效應之可能效果。部分研究成果顯示，中庭僅設置同一性質鋪面時，越靠近中庭外側，其空氣溫度受地表熱通量影響而變化越大。越靠近中庭內側，其空氣溫度較不受地表熱通量改變而影響。透過實測與模擬結果之比較，驗證模擬所得之數值，以增加數值模擬之可信度，整體研究過程亦可供實務規劃與相關研究參考，而本研究各階段所得數值，經無因次分析得之公式，可作為相同類型建築之中庭鋪面設計參考。

The dramatic development of urbanization has significantly increased urban areas. Besides insufficient green infrastructure, this development has gradually increased Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHI). Courtyards are a key space for relieving UHI owing to their greenness and evapotranspiration effect. Thus this paper uses the closed type courtyards to examine the thermal and wind environment, and adopts pavement type, area scale and wind-speed change as variables. This study uses the actual measurement and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation to compare the effects. In CFD, heat flux is used to simulate different pavement types. Using actual measured heat flux on the pavement as the reference for determining settings, this study learns the possible effects of courtyard pavements on relieving the USIs. According to research, if pavements are set to the same type, the air temperatures outside the courtyard vary strongly influenced by heat flux settings; meanwhile, the air temperatures inside the courtyard change slightly. Based on comparison of the actual measurements with the simulation results, the simulation hypotheses and settings are credible, and can provide a reference for future study. The values obtained in each stage can yield a Polynomial equation via zero dimension analysis, which can provide a reference for courtyard pavement design in same construction type to reduce the resource required in the analogue calculation and scale model.