運用生境價值評估工具建構永續農村地景空間配置

Spatial Patterns for Sustainable Rural Landscape by Biotope Evaluation

全球環境變遷問題已嚴重衝擊農地生態系統，由於人口持續增加，人類對居住空間之需求，導致農地產生劇烈變遷，進而造成未來糧食問題更形嚴重。尤其2000年臺灣農地政策開放之後，造成城鎮邊緣農地地景急劇變遷，然至今仍缺乏有效的評估與研究以研擬具體可行之對策。本研究以宜蘭縣三星鄉的農村為研究對象，該鄉臨近縣內主要城市，近年因雪山隧道通行與台北都會區間之交通易達性提高，吸引許多建商或居民將農地變更為住宅，造成農地生態環境損壞。本研究以生境類型以及生態系統服務為基礎，透過生境地圖之建構、生境價值指標的擬定與評估、生境價值之時序分析等研究，提出農村空間配置策略建議。研究結果顯示，1998年、2001年、2006年與2010年間生態系統服務價值逐年下降，1998-2010年間又以調節服務下降幅度最高，說明農村生態功能受到嚴重衝擊。本文在維持原有土地利用情形前提下，提出農村地景空間配置之改善建議，可提升各生態系統服務價值，但仍需要住宅控制政策方能達成。

Global environmental changes can have significant impacts on ecosystems. Agro-ecosystem has decreased due to increased demand for living space caused by rapid population growth, which adversely affects the supply of agricultural land, and further cause a food supply crisis. Destruction of Taiwan’s agro-ecosystem is becoming an important issue due to rapid economic and urban development. Since the Agricultural Development Act Amendment in 2000, the farmland around the urban center has dramatically declined. However, few studies have evaluated the rural landscape and the establishment of spatial patterns for its sustainable development. Sanshing Township is located in Yilan County in northern Taiwan. The Shuehshan Tunnel, which was opened in 2006, has reduced commuting time between Taipei and Yilan. Traffic convenience has brought financial benefits and increased residential development in Yilan, but it has adversely impacted the farmland landscape. Biotope evaluation based on ecosystem services theory is applied to establish spatial patterns for sustainable rural landscape. Analytical results show that the value of ecosystem services decreased in the four study periods of 1998, 2001, 2006, and 2010. Among the four major categories of ecosystem services, regulating services decreased fastest. An ideal configuration of rural landscape patterns was proposed based on current land forms using biotope evaluation methodology. Although the overall value of ecosystem services of the proposed configuration is improved, residential control policy is needed to achieve this goal. Analytical results suggest that the biotope evaluation methodology quantifiably assesses landscape functions and has an important role in landscape conservation.