臺北都會區居住模式之研究（1980-2010）：隔離、分殊、群聚或階層？

Study of Residential Patterns in the Taipei Metropolitan Region (1980-2010): Segregation, Differentiation, Clustering, or Stratifi-cation?

本文檢視西方居住隔離的理論、模型與觀點，分析次級資料，研究臺北都會區的居住模式，驗證各種理論與觀點的描述力與解釋力。我們假設臺北都會區的居住模式可以群聚化、分殊化與階層化稱之。資料顯示：高等教育程度的居民群聚於市中心地區、南北兩端部分地區，以及新北市直接毗連臺北市的部分區域。非高等教育程度居民集中在臺北市東西兩側，東西兩側是非高等教育程度、低收入戶比例與原住民較為集中的地區，也是房價比市中心低的地區。臺北都會區的職業有專業化趨勢，產業結構則以服務業為主。原住民、外籍勞工、大陸配偶與外籍配偶等新移民，則多半集中在臺北市的邊陲地區、新北市的原鄉與工業區集中的地區。我們認為，社會極化論、社會同化論、地方階層化、族裔社區與門禁社區研究，均難以適切地描述、解釋臺北都會區的居住模式。鑲嵌城市的觀點則比較適合臺北都會區居住模式的研究，但我們的研究有其限制，居住模式與居住隔離的議題需要更多具體資料與學者的研究，才能確認鑲嵌城市觀點的描述解釋力。

This paper examines the theories and models of residential segregation based on the Western urban development experience, and explores residential patterns in the Taipei metropolitan region. This study assumes that the residential patterns of the Taipei metropolitan region are characterized by clustering, differentiation, and stratification, which is supported by the secondary data that is collected. Residents with higher education attainment have been clustering in central Taipei City, and in some highly urbanized areas of New Taipei City. In contrast, residents without higher education, aborigines, and immigrant brides have been clustering in areas with lower housing prices or in peripheral corners of the metropolitan region. Thus, this investigation argues that most Western theories and models are inadequate to describe and explain residential patterns in the Taipei metropolitan region. The perspective of nested city and contextual research is more appropriate in helping to explore the complex mechanism and process that contributes to the residential patterns of the Taipei metropolitan region in particular and other East Asian cities in general.