鄉村地區舊社區實現「在地老化」之住宅改造及參與式設計操作之可行性探討

Possibility of Housing Refurnishing and the Operation of Participatory Design for Implementing Aging in Place in the Countryside Existing Community

住宅性能符合「在地老化」已是發展趨勢，考量照護設施與照顧人員操作空間需求，並改善居家環境能達到高齡者之行動安全與便利將是住宅必要需求，然而舊社區在無法更新的情況下，面對高齡者由獨立生活、協助式照顧到完全照護等階段，「在地老化」將面臨困境。因此，本研究針對舊社區之住宅進行促進「在地老化」功能之實驗性改造設計，並探討以社區為基礎之改造行動運用參與式設計操作之可行性。研究發現：（一）舊有住宅之支架體雖然受到無法改變之限制，但仍然可透過區帶分析找尋適用之模矩及發展適合之空間填充體，而達到「在地老化」之各階段生活空間之變遷需求。（二）有關開放建築設計之應用，在傳統式平房或是連棟式透天厝均以拆合性、調適性之設計居多，延展性設計則較為困難。（三）對於參與式設計之操作，社區長期參與事務之核心人物協助、社區居民具有共同之社區意識、和住戶溝通技術之運用、住戶之心態與認知等是影響操作可行性之主要因素。

Aging in place has been the developmental trend of housing performance. To consider the needs of caring facilities and the space for caregivers’ operations and to improve home environment reaching mobility safety and accessibility for the aged are requirements of housing. Nevertheless, communities have the problem of aging in place when the aged face independent living, assisted living and skilled-nursing phase because of the limitation of housing renew. Therefore, this research focused on housing in the existing community, and produced experimental housing refurnishing designs to improve the function of housing for aging in place. On the other hand, this research studied the possibility of using participatory designs in refurnishing on a community basis. The results show that although change in the structure of existing housing was limited, it was still possible to find adaptable modules and develop suitable infill through zoning analysis to match the changing requirements regarding living spaces during the different phases of aging in place. Regarding the application of open building design, assembly and adaption designs were easier than elasticity design, in both traditional court housing and row housing. Regarding the operation of participatory design, the assistance of key persons with long-term participation in community affairs, community residents have common notions, and communication with residents via multi-technique, as well as resident cognition and attitude were major influences on the operating possibilities.