宋以前孔雀明王信仰在中國的流傳與發展

A View on the Dissemination and Development of the belief in Mahā-mayūrī-vidyā-rājan before Song Dynasty

孔雀明王是屬於密教的神祇，密教佛典《孔雀明王經》傳入中國的時間甚早，魏晉至唐即存有六部漢譯本。從目前已知文獻及圖像史料記載來看，孔雀明王信仰與其它密教信仰相較起來，在中國似乎有流傳但並不廣泛，發展的狀況相當耐人尋味。本文透過前人的研究成果下對孔雀明王宗教意涵、經典內容以及信仰功能進行進一步的梳理，並討論宋代以前孔雀明王信仰在中國的發展軌跡及脈絡。

Mahā-mayūrī-vidyā-rājan (Mahamayuri) is one of the deities in Esoteric Buddhism, and the Scripture of Mahā-mayūrī-vidyā-rājan, a sutra of Esoteric Buddhism, has been introduced to China for many centuries. There are six Chinese translations of the sutra between Six Dynasties and Tang Dynasty. In comparison to other Esoteric Buddhism from current historical records and data base, Mahamayuri has been existed but not widespread in China. It is an intriguing situation in terms of the development. This article would like to go deeper into the meaning of the belief, the content in the Scripture and the function of belief from historical documents and the literature of Mahamayuri. Moreover, discuss how Mahamayuri as a belief developed before Song Dynasty.