工藝見龍：雍正朝造辦處龍形紋飾活計

The Dragon Crafts created in the Yongzheng Emperor’s Imperial Workshops

龍是中國的吉祥神獸，古人很早即已形成具體的概念和形象，民間流傳許多傳說，正史中亦有相關記載，足見古人對於龍的重視。先民很早就以龍的形態製造工藝，到了明清時期，宮廷龍形藝術發展臻於極致。雍正朝《活計檔》記載大量關於雍正帝指示成做、收拾龍形紋飾活計的記錄，應用範圍極廣，反映雍正帝對於龍形紋飾活計的喜愛。雍正帝愛好藝術，具有豐富的藝術涵養，獨特的審美標準和高雅的鑑賞品味。雍正帝在位雖僅十三年，但藝術活動豐富而精彩。雍正帝對活計品質要求甚高，將其思維好惡投注於活計成做，形成具有個人美學風格的皇家式樣。龍形造形紋飾，是雍正帝豐富多元藝術概念中的其中一項，分析檔案記錄，可見雍正帝主導活計成做不落固定模式，堅持追求完美，具有理性的思維與強烈的主控性。

The Dragon is not only a legendary animal but also a symbol of good fortune in Chinese. From early on, ancient Chinese people had formed a concrete concept and image of dragons. In addition to different pieces of folklore, relevant descriptions of dragon are also seen in official histories. Apparently, Chinese people place great emphasis on this mysterious creature. In early days, the images of dragons inspired ancient Chinese craftsmen to create handicrafts in their likeness of dragons. This art reached its peak during the Ming and Qing dynasties. For instance, during Qing Dynasty's Yongzheng Emperor, the ”Crafts Archives” (”HuoJih Dang”) collected a large amount of records related to dragon crafts created under the instruction of the emperor. The images of dragons were applied to a great variety of items, reflecting how much the emperor favored dragon crafts back then. The Yongzheng Emperor was an advocate of arts and was a ruler with a great sense of aesthetics and extremely good taste in the arts. Though his reign lasted a merely 13 years, the arts are prospered and flourished during his time. The Yongzheng Emperor demanded dragon crafts to be of the highest quality of. He projected his preferences and thoughts onto the formation of the crafts to form a unique royal style of aesthetics. The dragon decorations precisely embody the emperor's crafts ideas of the arts. When analyzing the archives, it has been suggested that there is no fixed craft pattern but rather a strong sense of demand to pursue the perfection of craft making and rational thought.