北宋神宗時期募役弓手

The Bowmen of the Muyi During the Time of Sung Shen-tsung

宋代職役在神宗以前採取差役的方式，徵調鄉村上三等戶履行義務，其中弓手由第三等戶充任。由於差役出現許多弊端，因此神宗重用王安石進行變法，改採募役，從鄉村上三等戶募具武藝之人擔任弓手。同時，王安石還實行保甲法，因保丁與弓手的職責均為逐捕盜賊，所以刪減諸縣弓手數額，由保丁取代。除了弓手的人數出現變化外，本文還探究弓手的雇錢多寡與是否能夠維持生計。神宗時期弓手募役制度引起朝廷官員的爭辯，以司馬光為首的保守派極力反對弓手募役制度，本文亦說明其反對的理由，分析弓手募役制度造成的影響。

Before Shen-tsung's time in the Sung Dynasty, placements in military services were done by recruitments in villages. There were five classes in a society of a village, and bowmen were in the third class. However, this method had resulted in many cheating scandals, and thus Shen-tsung gave power to Wang An-Shih for a change in the law-enforcing system that switched recruitment to volunteer for military services. They visited those in the villages who knew martial art, and asked for their will of volunteering as bowmen. Meantime, Wang An-Shih actualized Bao-Jia Law, which filled up the shortage of bowmen with common guards since the two positions serve for the same duty-chasing after robbers. Other than the change in amount of bowmen, this article also discusses their pay and whether if they could make a living out of their salary. During the time of Shen-tsung, the volunteer bowmen policy never ceased as a dispute in the government. Each and every official had a say in the pro's and con's of this issue. This article also organizes the different comments, and further analyzes the impact caused by the volunteer bowmen policy.