日文請託信文脈分析

The discourse analysis for Japanese letters of request

本研究依據撰寫人的意圖與句子的機能，分析請託信的各個大小段，共將日文請託信分成「I‧開始部」、「II‧展開部」、「III‧終了部」3大段。更於「II—2‧請託展開」再細分出4個小段：「II—2.1原因說明」、「II—2.2請託」「II—2.3說服」、「II—2.4追加請託」，從4各小段的組合方式探討請託信的文脈表現。就分析結果來看，本研究共針對請託信的文章展開方式，歸納出了以下四點。1請託信的本文中，多以「II—2‧請託展開」與「II—3‧請託終了」的組合呈現。2日文的請託信中，普通會有「II—3‧請託終了」的文段出現，以整合全文的內容，結束請託的話題。3日文的請託信普通以「II—2.1原因說明」與「II—2.2請託」的組合方式發展，帶出請託主題。4請託信撰寫者對於收信人的閱讀反應預測是影響請託信文脈發展的一個主因。

In this study, I analyzed 100 samples of Japanese request. I found out that in native Japanese speakers’ request letter samples, we can see a “request letter structure” which is formed by 3 main sections: “I the developing section”, “II the developing section”, and “III the end section”. In “II the developing section”, there 4 types of sub-section: ““II-2.1 the request reason description” “II-2.2 the request” “II-2.3 the persuasion” “II-2.4 the re-request”.By analyzing combinations of above 3 minor and 4 sub sections, I found:1. In most Japanese request letters, “II the developing section” is constructed by “II-2 the developing part of the request” and “II-3 the final part of the request”2. “II-3 the final part of the request” is highly used in Japanese request letters.3. In most Japanese request letters, “II-2 the developing part of the request” is constructed by “II-2 the developing part of the request” and“II-2.2 the request”.4. The writer’s anticipation of the recipient’s response influences the request letter’s development.