國軍懲罰評議制度之現況研究與法制建議（上）

Study on the Military Punishment Appraisal Meeting of the Republic of China on Taiwan

本文探討我國現行陸海空軍懲罰法有關國軍懲罰「評議制度」之規定與實務上運作現況，以及該制度對於現役軍人權益保障之周延與否，經由法學研究方法之文獻分析法，彙整國軍懲罰評議制度之立法過程、立法目的、學者見解及相關研究，具體探討現行制度層面之問題，此外，陸海空軍懲罰法第10條雖賦予評議會或權責長官合義務性之裁量基準，惟其裁量基準與實際內涵仍屬抽象。再者，國軍歷年違紀案例宣導，著重於防杜軍紀違失案件發生，較少有針對各類型懲罰標準加以歸納彙整，兼顧懲罰評議會之妥適運作。又現行國軍職務之任用，以軍事專業、平衡歷練與通才任職為主，實務上常見承辦或參與懲罰「評議會」之承辦人員或經遴選之評議成員，大部分尚待補強法律概念或累積評議經驗。
從而，本文彙整現行國軍懲罰評議制度，分析現役軍人違失行為案例及其評議結果，以探究其現況；同時輔以質性研究方法，透過半結構式深度訪談方式，以瞭解參與現行制度人員之想法，提出分析意見，進而於循文獻分析結果與質性研究分析結果，綜整提出具體可行之短、中、長程建議，並建議參照德國軍事勤務法院，設置獨立之懲罰審查機關等修法取向，期能使國軍懲罰制度日趨周延。

This study centers on exploration of issues concerning practical implementation of the current Armed Forces Punishment Act (as amended on May 6, 2015) and the National Army's Punishment 'Appraisal Meeting' as well as their abilities to grant complete protection of human rights. In order to understand the existing problems concerning the National Army’s Punishment 'Appraisal Meeting' and its actual operations, this study intends to collect the legislative process, the legislative purpose, opinions from scholars and related research materials to understand the current issues underlying the National Army's Punishment 'Appraisal Meeting.' Meanwhile, though Article 10 of the Armed Forces Punishment Act stipulates mandatory standards on discretion of the Appraisal Meeting or the Chief Executive Officer, those stipulations remain abstract. As the National Army has focused on prevention of similar cases over the years, standards on punishment imposed on all type of cases are rarely established. As the National Army tends to appoint all-rounders for each position, the case undertaker of the National Army’s Punishment 'Appraisal Meeting' or the elected appraisers may lack legal concepts and experiences required for appraisal. Therefore, in this study, we try to understand the current conditions of the National Army’Punishment Appraisal Meeting via the National Army’s cases of misconduct and the appraisal results, and we use qualitative research and semi-structured in-depth interviews to understand the current system in practice, so that we can further analyze the research results.
At the end of the study, we organize the literature analysis results obtained from the legal research methods and the results of qualitative analysis before we put forward some concrete suggestions, which can hopefully improve the National Army’s punishment process and grant better protection of human rights in the army.