台灣博物館展示中原住民主體性之探討

The Subjectivity of Indigenous People in Museum Exhibitions in Taiwan

本文擬就台灣博物館如何展示原住民文化的現象與脈絡作一評介，藉對現有博物館等展示機構與原住民合作關係的檢討，希望爾後能開啟更多「互為主體性」展示之平等發聲機會。文中先概介現代化與全球化影響下，台灣博物館原住民文化展示的形成背景與發展概況，再剖析台灣博物館向所存在對原住民文化展示之再現手法、詮釋溝通及意識形態的問題，進而引國立自然科學博物館「台灣南島民族展示」原住民觀眾反應研究的實證案例，說明相對於主流社會般觀眾群，原住民觀眾對此展示之特殊認同心理及批判觀點。最後，並舉近期台灣的幾項特展活動及策展概念為例，俾使大家注意，當人類學與博物館界皆展開自省的同時，被展示的對象──原住民本身，是否充份意識到爭取其展示發聲的重要性，而有更積極的行動？

This essay assesses the approach and context of museum exhibitions on indigenous culture in Taiwan. Through a critical review on the relationship between exhibition institutions, such as museums, and the indigenous people, this essay aims to open up equal opportunities in the inter-subjectivity in museum exhibitions. This essay introduces the background and development of museum exhibitions on indigenous culture in Taiwan, under the influence of modernization and globalization. It then analyzes the problems of indigenous culture exhibitions in Taiwan, in terms of representation, interpretation, communication, and ideology. Furthermore, it introduces the empirical case study on the responses of indigenous visitors towards the exhibition of 'The Taiwanese Aborigines - The Austronesian People' in the National Museum of Natural Science. The case study explores the special psychology and critical viewpoint of indigenous visitors, in contrast to that of the mainstream museum visitors. Finally, it uses some recent special exhibitions and curatorial approaches as examples, to explore whether the exhibited culture － the indigenous people － has realized the importance of their autonomy in museum exhibitions and become more active, while anthropologists and museums have started reviewing their approach themselves.