博物館到館參觀導引研究－－以國立科學工藝博物館為例

Research on Museum Visitor Orientation The Case of National Science & Technology Museum

觀眾導引及參觀動線問題是觀眾研究中，文獻較少但是重要的研究領域之一。本文以國立科學工藝博物館（簡稱科工館）為例，就觀眾到館後如何找到入口，觀眾於進館途中所使用的設施、停留時間、行進動線等「到館參觀導引」問題進行探討。研究採用觀察法進行「質」的觀眾觀察研究，另配合問卷調查以獲得部分採用觀察法所無法得到的資料。重要發現為：一、觀眾大多利用指標找尋入口，觀眾也認為指標對其找到入口有幫助。另外也有較多觀眾以「跟別人走」的方式找到入口。二、在購票方式方面，觀眾偏好使用人工售票方式，原因是觀眾的一般習慣造成以及售票機使用上的不方便，如「機器容易退鈔；鈔票辨識不佳」、「需要換零錢不方便」、「不收部分新鈔」「鈔票不易放入」。另外使用人工售票的時間較使用機器售票的時間長。三、觀眾在入館前會觀賞公共藝術品的不多。會停留的觀眾以第一次參觀的觀眾為主。四、觀眾由大客車停車場方向入館至進入閘門平均花費7分5秒，重複參觀的觀眾花費的時間較第一次參觀觀眾節省平均時間為1分45秒。五、觀眾行進動線上有右轉傾向。

Research on museum visitor orientation and circulation are relatively few, yet the subject is an important research topic. This paper studies the case of the National Science & Technology Museum (NSTM). It examines issues regarding 'museum visitor orientation', including how the visitors find the entrance, the facilities they use.This research adopted the observance method to conduct a qualitative study on the visitors. The questionnaire method is also used to obtain partial data, which cannot be obtained by the observance method. The findings are as follows: 1. The majority of visitors utilize signs to find the entrance. They think signs are helpful for them to locate the entrance. Also, many visitors find the entrance by 'following others'. 2. As for purchasing admission tickets, visitors prefer tickets sold by a person instead of machine because of general habit as well as inconvenience caused by the machine, for example 'machine does not accept or recognize bills easily' 'need change to buy tickets, not convenient' some new bills are not accepted, and 'bills are difficult to insert'. Please note that the time spent on purchasing tickets from a person is longer than that from a machine. 3. Not many visitors stop to appreciate the artwork outside before entering the museum building. Those who stop are mostly first-time visitors. 4. On average, it takes seven minutes and five seconds to walk from the bus parking lot to the gate. It takes one minute and forty-five seconds less for repeat visitors compared to first-time visitors. 5. Visitors tend to turn right when they move on the route.