博物館應用資訊科技之發展與趨勢

Museum and Information Technology：Past and Trend

博物館從六十年代開始應用資訊科技，當時是以單一博物館、大型主機為主，例如SELGEM系統和GRIPHOS系統，並且成立了合作組織MCN。至七十年代時則開始召開各種會議，並有各種典藏計劃出現，而MDA也在此時成立，推動博物館資訊標準化。而在此同時也有不少博物館開始更新或建立其典藏管理系統，例如哈佛大學的皮巴第博物館、底特律藝術中心。進入八十年代以後，由於資訊科技突飛猛進，加上成本下降，許多博物館已能大量運用各種資訊科技，而各種資訊標準也開始研訂。九十年代以後，伴隨網路科技的出現和數位處理技術的精進，博物館資訊系統也有不同的面貌；而在合作組織如CIMI的努力下，博物館交換電子資訊所需的各種標準與協定也己制定。大抵而言，博物館數十年的資訊化工作己產生了不少具體成果，在技術面上，主要表現在硬體技術和安裝架設、影像處理的相關技術及標準、通訊科技、多媒體系統。而在功能面上，則在館藏管理到財務、門票等均已完備，WWW介面也已普及。但仍有一些問題有待克服，如博物館資訊化進步腳步太慢、目標與方向未能確立、標準的不一致與缺乏合作、博物館領域內缺少科技專家、影像技術和多媒體技術潛能發揮的失敗、眼光不夠長遠等等。未來博物館資訊系統的發展方向，將會朝向整合的方向進展，並注重博物館資訊的內容，將各種文物予以數位化並據此建立館藏資料庫，然後結合研究、展示、教育推廣和資訊領域的專業知識和人員，使博物館成為網路環境中內容產業的一員以及資訊公共事業的一份子。

Starting from the 1960s, museums began the application of information technology. At that time, computers were used mainly between a single museum and mainframe computers such as SELGEM and GRIPHOS system. Later on, the cooperative organization, MCN, was founded. Till the 1970s, museums began hosting a great variety of conferences and presenting plans for collection. MDA was also established for promoting standardization of museum information. Meanwhile, many museums started working on upgrading and establishing their collection management system such as Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethno logy at Harvard University and Detroit Institute of Arts. After the 1980s, due to the advance of information technology and the cost cut, many museums were able to have the upper hand of information technology and started enacting standards. Entering the 1990s, along with the availability of internet technology and improvement of digital handling skills, museums showed us the different faces. The contribution made by the cooperative, CIMI, helped to set up standards and norms for information sharing among museums.