模型展示的魅力－－以日本國立歷史民俗博物館為例

The Charm of Model Exhibition Example of National Historical Folkways Museum in Japan

對於歷史博物館而言，一般很少以模型展示為主，更別談是以大量的模型資料為主的展示形式。但日本國立歷史博物館（以下簡稱歷博）不只以模型做為重要的研究資料，持續進行製作，並且將模型列入博物館蒐藏。對於此舉，確實招受到不少博物館界及學者的爭議，但近年來因為展示方法上的需求、真品在展出上的種種困難、加上製作技術的精進及自然史博物館的成功，讓觀眾也漸漸了解並接受模型在展示上的價值，同時也接受歷史博物館運用模型作為展示的一種方式。本文以歷博為例，深入剖析自然史博物館常用的生態模型展示在歷史博物館展示應用上發揮的重要功能、在教育上扮演啟發的角色、並在學術研究上產生突破性的創解。因此，在現代博物館展示中，模型展示逐漸受到展示規劃者的注目。

The contact of museum is diversely. There's not only the authority in science, but also the preceding view in technical integration. The exhibition of traditional museum used to take the authenticity and integrity of the real object as a predominant under the prerequisite consideration. Due to the eco-environment protection in the recent years and the difficulty of acquiring original objects, there's no exhibition has the real object to show, hence a large number of model exhibition is recommended gradually in museum. The National Historical Folkways Museum in Japan is using the existing resources, in coordination with the support of academic research as well as a great quantity of model has been used as the main form of exhibition. Except the natural history museum, this type of exhibition is quite rare in the history museum. Besides, the museum is operating in coordination with the mutual study between academy and researchers in order to strengthen the position in academic profession. This study is giving a clear definition of model in the beginning. Furthermore, from the content of exhibition in the National History Museum in Japan, it explains the model exhibition in manufacture and application, which has to operate in coordination with teaching and researching, so that it can be developed appropriately and completely. The present status of combination between the History Museum in Japan and academic research institutes is based on the practical demand, plus the continuous support and coordination of academic research institutes, the model exhibition is not the only patent of the natural history museum, but its particular charm can be developed in the history museum.