博物館技術的傳述方式與兒童觀眾學習內涵之關係研究

The Relevance of Learning for Children and How a Museum Presents the History of Technology

晚近博物館在經營哲學與實際運作上都有不同於傳統的改變。由科學類博物館開始而逐漸在各類博物館展開的教育哲學，即是歡迎觀眾親身參與、體驗學習，實踐重於理論。科技博物館中有關「物」的展示，隨此風潮，也需改變傳述方式，以「物」為基礎，以「人」為重心，尤其面對兒童觀眾，主張開放情境下的學習，呈現人、地、物的歷史脈絡，博物館乃是最佳場所。在此前提下，博物館提供的應該不只是why的解答，而是how的過程，針對博物館想要傳達的概念及方法，在真實的物件所具有的潛力基礎下，提供一個「便於發現有價值的結構的情境」，來貫穿完成學習的內容。本文將以印刷藏品為例，說明在一段技術史的背後，所要傳達的理念，應透過何種方式，方可與兒童觀眾的學習內涵有密切的結合。

In recent years museums have departed from tradition in their business philosophies and how they actually operate. An attitude which began with science and technology museums and has slowly spread to other types of museums as well, allows visitors to participate in and 'experience' the learning process, believing that applications is more important here than theory. Exhibits dealing with 'things' in the museum have undergone a number of changes in line with this shift in thinking, retaining 'things' as their base but adding in 'people' as their core. This is particularly true in the case of exhibits for children where things like learning in a relaxed atmosphere are crucial; for this, the museum is still one of the best media available with its presentations of the march of history through people, places and events. Under this premise the museum should provide more than just the answers to 'why?'; it should also show the 'how' behind the answers as well. As for the concepts and methods that should be conveyed by a museum, the museum should offer 'an atmosphere in which it is easy to discover structures of value', with a full complement of educational content. T his article looks at printed materials in the museum collection to explain some of the principles that lie behind certain stages of technological history, as well as what methods can be used to link them closely to the content of children's education.