「部落介入」親密關係暴力之經驗與態度：以四個族別的原住民部落為例

Experiences and Attitudes of TribalInvolvement for Indigenes’ Intimate PartnerViolence: Examples of Four Tribes

部落介入、部落參與是國內外不少研究者建議的原鄉親密關係暴力防治策略，研究者於是想要透過部落在地成員的經驗，了解和探索部落介入親密關係暴力的現況和可能性。研究者從聯繫到資料收集完成的六個月內，走訪了四個縣市，進行了五次、四族別的焦點團體訪談，總計邀請了27位在部落中具重要性且熱心地方事務，或曾受邀參與部落家暴網絡會議之在地成員參與焦點團體。研究發現，因尊重隱私及不便介入他人家庭事務等原因，多數成員並無直接介入暴力事件處理的經驗，若有介入，也僅只針對受暴婦女提供單方面的協助。雖然家族和耆老的調解是部落處理家庭事務的慣習，但在傳統文化消散、宗教約束力減弱的現況下，已無法有效約束相對人的暴力行為，多數焦點團體成員因此也對「部落介入」親密關係暴力的做法感到悲觀；然相較於泰雅、阿美和魯凱等族，排灣族焦點團體的成員較支持「部落介入」的做法，也較認可其對相對人暴力行為的約束成效。據此，研究者認為「部落介入」親密關係暴力之策略要能落實，須將「個人事」、「家務事」之親密關係暴力觀點轉化為「公共議題」，促進部落民眾對暴力的覺察；並且增權部落的主體性、結合專業人員，才能提升「部落介入」的有效性，為原鄉暴力防治的工作帶來質變。

Given that “tribal involvement” and “tribal participation” wererecommended by numerous researchers as appropriate strategies ofpreventing intimate partner violence in indigenous communities, theresearcher of this study anticipated getting close to tribal members’experiences in real settings, in order to explore the current situationsand operations in the tribes. Five focus group interviews were heldduring six months to collect data. A total of 27 tribal members, whowere influential and enthusiastic about tribal affairs, or who had beenparticipated in network meetings for tribal domestic violence, wereinvited to be interviewed. The participants who had been interviewedwere from four tribes and four counties. This study found that in orderto show respect to others’ family affairs, most of the participants only gave one-way support to those women who were being abused. Thisleaded to only a few participants having direct experience of dealingwith violence. Although the family elders’ meditation and involvementhad been the habits of dealing with family disputes, this strategy couldnot restrain the batterers’ violence any more, as the traditional culturedissipated and the religious constraints weakened. As a result of invalidfamily involvement, most participants were pessimistic about the strategyof “tribal involvement”. However, compared to Atayal, Amis and Ruka,participants in the focus group of Paiwan were more supportive to thestrategy of “tribal involvement”. Participants from Paiwan also recognizedthe positive outcome of the “tribal involvement”. According to the findingsof this study, transforming “family affairs” of intimate partner violenceinto “public issues”, and promoting public awareness were seen to becrucial. Empowering the subjectivity of the tribes and combining withthe assistance of professionals were also important, in order to enhancethe effectiveness of “tribal involvement”. These would bring qualitativechanges for the preventions and treatments of indigenes’ intimate partnerviolence.