英文摘要 |
The present study uses data from a panel sample of junior high school students gathered by the Taiwan Education Panel Survey (TEPS) in 2001 and 2003, to assess the impact of students’ own cram schooling and the prevalence of cram schooling among students’ classmates on students’ 9th grade learning achievement. Based on the average treatment effect (ATE) estimated by the multilevel linear model (MLM) or the doubly-robust (DR) estimation, the effect of students’ 9th grade cram schooling would increase learning achievement by only about 0.4 points. The DR estimation, however, is not significant. The DR estimation of the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) indicates a significant 1.1 points increase for students who participated in cram schooling in 9th grade. The research also finds that the prevalence of cram schooling among students’ classmates in general has no significant effect on students’ 9th grade learning achievement. |