對南懷瑾從圓覺經談修養功夫論的理論反思

Huai-Chin Nan Theory of Self-Cultivation

南懷瑾生於 1918 年 3 月 18 日，為兩岸知名文化學者。在 1949 年來台受邀在多所大學、機關、社會團體講學，一生致力於傳播中國傳統哲學，於 2012 年 9 月 29 日在中國去世。一生的哲學領域思考方向，主要是以三教為主要方向。以儒家為處世之根基，再加上對於佛教與道教思想的功夫進路為主，一度名列為臺灣最有影響的人物之一。綜觀南懷瑾一生之生命探索與自我的實踐，主要是受到《圓覺經》啟發甚大，故從本體論的建構，可以得知為如來藏思想的行者。 除此之外，也從自身的修持經驗，指出了佛教安那般那禪法是修行成就的最快捷徑，而於晚年將他的心得整理於《南師所講：呼吸法門精要》一文中，此為功夫論的核心，而對於功夫所產生的境界之探究在於其對於十六特勝境界地說明，故本文之討論，主要便是在以上的著作之中，進行修養功夫論的理論反思。

Huai-Chin Nan (from 18th Mar., 1918 to 29th Sept., 2012), was one of well-known cross-strait cultural research scholars. He came to Taiwan in 1949, invited by many universities, public as well as private organizations for his lecture. He devoted his entire life to propagate traditional Chinese philosophy, and finally on 29th September, 2012, he died in China. Huai-Chin Nan spent his entire research mainly in the field of Buddhist thought, and philosophy preserving Confucianism as the foundation. His practical life philosophy is mainly based on the exploration of Buddhist and Taoist thoughts on life, which ranked him as one of most influential figures in Taiwan's academia. Overall, his entire research is based on the practice and self-exploration of life, which is mainly influenced by “Perfect Enlightenment Sutra” （圓覺經）. Therefore, from this point of view, his ontological construction can become a practitioner of Tathāgatagarbhā's thought. Besides, it also joins the Confucianism and Taoist practice of life, and finally, based on his long self-cultivation and research experience enthusiastically praised Ānāpāna: Buddhist Method of Breathing Meditation （安那般那禪法）. He assumed that Ānāpāna method is the shortest method of spiritual attainment. Further, he exhausted all his effort in later writing, such as “Lecturer of Nan-Shi: The Essence of Ānāpāna Method”, which is the core of Huai-Chin Nan's theory of Self-cultivation （功夫論）. Besides, it also explains sixteen wings of special realm which is the consequences of effortful practice of self-cultivation. Therefore, this paper discusses the above scholar's life achievement and establishment of philosophical system.