惡女傳――劉向《列女傳．孽嬖傳》的書寫策略與書寫意識

A Biography of Wicked Ladies: Liu Xiang's Attitudes and Writing Strategies in “Nie-Bi Zhuan”

劉向（前77年～前6年）《列女傳》的寫定對後世正史《列女傳》的確立有直接的影響力，故欲了解中國女性傳記的書寫策略與書寫意識，必須先從劉向的《列女傳》入手，尤其當中〈孽嬖傳〉，為惡女在歷史上留下了美麗又邪惡的身影，透露出劉向《列女傳》的書寫在女性傳記中的代表性。故本文即試圖以《列女傳》的書寫策略加以剖析，主要的疑點與立論點先建立在〈孽嬖傳〉的設立上，再針對〈孽嬖傳〉的眾位惡女集體形象加以解析，即美而有色、淫佚不正、善於謀略與干預朝政，分析〈孽嬖傳〉中的男性意識與女性特質，以了解劉向如何以裂女撰的書寫策略，從而完成他的歷史建構目的，以及政治權力的確立；並以此分析自省，期望女性能走出二元對立的迷思，重建完整的女性主體。

Ever since Liu Xiang [劉向,BC77-6?]writes Lie-Nyu Zhuan 〔列女傳〕, it has become standard in the writing of China's orthodox history to include a section devoted to woman's biographies under the same title. If Lie-Nyu Zhuan sets a example of representing women in general, the part called “Nie-Bi Zhuan”〔孽嬖傳〕in the book provides, in particular, arch-examples in which women's beauty and wickedness are judicially perceived. Focusing on “Nie-Bi Zhuan” this article studies an array of women's images: women capitalizing on their beauty to destroy men and the nation, women as schemers, women interfering politics…etc. The article concludes by exposing Liu Xiang's political purpose in writing such a book.