明人品讀《金瓶梅》的文人視角－－以序跋及崇禎本評點為考察對象

The Ming Literati’s Reading Viewpoint of “Jin Ping Mei” –Research to the Ming Literati’s Prefaces and Postscripts and Chongzhen Comment of “Jin Ping Mei”

《金瓶梅》被認為是一部通俗小說，世情題材貼近市井小民，但問世之初卻只在少數文人間流傳，且褒貶兩極，差異甚大，蓋因文人恐小說中的淫穢描寫，披之大眾將有「導欲宣淫」的惡果。本文考察明人的序跋及崇禎本評點，以窺明人品讀《金瓶梅》的文人視角。明人的序跋指出，須識得《金瓶梅》「窮極歡樂」的寫作手法，才能成為善讀者，而此類人士蓋屬「上智之士」，非〈欣欣子序〉所提及的「下焉者」，因而嘉靖、萬曆年間主張小說「通乎眾人」的理論並不適用於《金瓶梅》。其次，崇禎本亦從打破大眾神話色彩開始，和「上智之士」展開對話，深化了明人序跋揭示的此一文人品讀視角。本文研究後因此推論：明人序跋及崇禎本評點均將《金瓶梅》定位為適合文人閱讀的小說，而非大眾文學，只有具備深刻理解力和反省力的頂端讀者，方能理解這部小說的深意。

Although the contents of “Jin ping mei” is most closed citizen in the Ming Dynasty, so it’s perceived to a popular fiction now, but the early propagation of “Jin ping mei” was spread in a few literati, and the judgments were poles apart, they worried about the obscene writing was a bad spread. In this research, it investigated the Ming literati’s prefaces and postscripts to analysis the reading viewpoint of the Ming literati. The Ming literati’s prefaces and postscripts had a point that must understand the writing way of ‘confining poor to joy’, to be called ‘wise reader’, not “chinchinzi preface” said that ‘a stupid readers’, so the point of ‘citizen reading’ in chia-ching and wan-li of Ming Dynasty is not applicable to explain to the spread of “Jin ping mei”. There is a dialogue with the wise reader in Chongzhen comment of “Jin ping mei”, emphasizing the Ming literati’s reading viewpoint in prefaces and postscripts. “Jin ping mei” was a Ming literati’s fiction, not popular fiction, and just only wise reader could understand the fiction value.