劉向《列女傳》與《詩經》的對應關係研究

Study of Liu-xiang Biography of Women in Ancient China and Book of Songs corresponding relationships

劉向生長在典型的皇族家庭，《列女傳》是劉向所編纂的故事集，其中大多數是有品德、有風儀、有才智的女性，少數屬於行徑惡劣的女子。劉向的原意是要將《列女傳》做為「諫書」，讓皇帝知道女性的品德和行為，對於家庭、民風、甚至國運都可能造成重大的影響。劉向所學是《魯詩》，和河間獻王所愛好的《毛詩》頗有不同。今《毛詩》獨存，若要明暸漢朝《魯詩》對《詩經》的詮釋，劉向的《列女傳》無疑是最珍貴的資料之一。從《列女傳》中不僅可以得知劉向對女性的評量標準為何；從《列女傳》引詩及詮釋詩句的情形，可以得知他對於某些《詩經》篇章做怎樣的理解；也可以得知劉向受到《詩經》的影響情形如何。本篇論文以《毛詩》的說法為對比，試圖探討某些足以修正《毛詩》缺失的資料，也足以再次肯定某些解釋方面，《毛詩》的確優於今文經。經由本篇研究《列女傳》與《詩經》的對應關係之後，得知劉向學術與《詩經》的關係密切，並且有巨大的貢獻與不可輕忽的地位，以及得知《魯詩》、《毛詩》得失參半，互有長處的情況。

Liu Xiang is a typical member of the royal family. He has written a book on the story of women, known as 'Biography of Women in Ancient China.' In the book, the majority of descriptions are of high moral character, can be a model for the people, and the superb talents of women, a small number of records in some chapters are the story of the evil women. Liu Xiang's intent is to 'Biography of Women in Ancient China ' as 'advice book' and let the emperor know that character and behavior of women, for families, customs, and even country and so on are likely to have any significant impact. In the Han dynasty, Liu Xiang studied 'Lu poem', and Hejian Xian Wang normal reading of 'The Book of Songs' is the 'Mao poem ', the two are quite different. Since only the 'Mao' spread to modern, so, if we are to understand the ancient 'Lu poem' doctrine, Liu Xiang's ' Biography of Women in Ancient China ' is undoubtedly one of the most valuable information. Through the 'Biography of Women in Ancient China ', we can make the following observation of Liu Xiang: 1, what criteria he used to assess the ancient female? 2, he cited a large number of ancient poems, as well as the interpretation of many verses from here should be able to tell him how to appreciate the Zhou dynasty poem. 3, let us know, 'The Book of Songs' for the theory of Liu Xiang had a great influence. On 'Mao poem' and 'Lu poem', their theory have similarities and differences between each other, this paper, try to compare them, except try to correct 'Mao poem's' faults, If the 'Mao' has the ideas of the book unique and of the right, this thesis will also be sure and praise them. Through this thesis research, we can see Liu Xiang's academic ideas and 'The Book of Songs' has a close relationship, and we know that he has enormous contributions to the status and can not be overlooked. And was informed that: 'Lu poetry' and 'Mao poetry' have their own advantages and disadvantages.