台灣客家山歌文化之研究

A Study On The Taiwanese Hakka Folk Song Culture

台灣的客家族群是一個色彩鮮明、特立獨行的族群，處處保留獨特的客家文化特色。客家文化中客家民謠是最獨特的一環，民謠本是台灣民間音樂重要的源泉，各地的民謠都有其特殊的背景與風格，客家民謠經過長期的洗鍊與發展，也有其獨特的調式、結構與風味，具有無比的價值。從客家民謠涵蓋與流傳的廣遠來分析，山歌在整個客家文化來說，佔有最重要的一環。客家民謠俗稱「山歌」，山歌是客家文化的精華與代表，它唱出了客家人的勤勞與耐苦，也象徵著客家人的堅忍與純樸。長久以來，山歌一直是客家人最重要的精神食糧，雖然沒有宮廷音樂的高貴與華美，但它卻代表著客家人秉性的純樸與真情。詞淺意深的客家山歌不僅是客家傳統文化、民族音樂的一塊瑰寶，而且是一項最真、最美的的藝術，所謂「好韻能興千百業，好歌能解一身勞」正是客家山歌的本質。數百年來，在客家人移墾台灣披荊斬棘的艱苦過程中，客家山歌一直佔有很重要的地位。它安慰了客家人離鄉背井遊子們落寞情懷，它也流露出客家民族愛鄉愛國的憂懷心聲，它更傳達了客家男女樸實心靈與對各種深情的渴望。本文旨在研究客家山歌的文化內涵，分析客家山歌之起源、種類、歌詞，並探討台灣客家山歌沒落之現象，詮釋山歌有助於客家話與客家文化之傳承；由山歌的推廣擴大到，謀求台灣客家文化的全面復興。

Taiwanese Hakka family group is a unique, brilliant, and self-reliant ethnic one, keeping Hakka culture characteristics everywhere. Hakka folk rhyme is the most unique ring in Hakka culture. The folk rhyme is originally a source with important folk music of Taiwan. All the folk rhymes present their special background and style. Hakka folk rhyme reveals its unique mode, structure, and flavor through refinery and development for a long period of time. The value is incomparable. Analyzed the contents and far-reaching of Hakka folk rhyme, Sunko plays an important role in whole Hakka culture. Sunko is a common name of Hakka folk rhyme and it is also the quintessence and representative of Hakka culture. The rhyme murmurs industry and endurance and symbolizes the perseverance and simplicity of Hakka people. For a long time, Sunko nurtures the mind of Hakka people. Though there are no nobleness and aureole of palace music, it represents honesty and true feelings of Hakka people's natural disposition. Easy words with deep significance, Hakka Sunko is not only a jade of Hakka traditional culture and national music but also an art with truth and beauty. So called, 'Good fortune can revitalize hundreds of trades while good musical songs can release the tiredness of the body', which is the essence of Hakka folk songs. For hundreds of years, Sunko has played an important role through the arduous land farming in Taiwan. It has comforted lonely mind of Hakka travelers leaving their hometown, it has revealed Hakka people concerning their townships and the nation, and it has transmitted the deep anxiety for men and women's sincere soul of Hakka hearts even more. This essay aims at studying the cultural intension of Hakka folk songs, analyzing the origins, kinds, lyrics, and probing into the declining phenomenon. Interpreting Hakka folk songs can contribute to the heritage of Hakka language and culture. By extending the popularity of Hakka folk songs, rejuvenation of Taiwanese Hakka culture can be expected in the near future.