袁枚的經學態度──對漢宋學的檢討

Yuan Mei's Attitude toward Chinese Classics— A Review of Han Study and Sung Study

袁枚是清代乾嘉時期重要文人，研究此時學術和文學，不能不論及袁枚的思想與著作。然而，迄今為止，關於袁枚詩論的研究不少，但對袁枚學術思想論述的篇章並不多。筆者此篇論文即試圖從袁枚的經學態度切入，祈能對袁枚經學上的意見進行整理與研究，希冀有助對乾嘉時期的學術發展獲致更完整的理解。袁枚雖無相關經學專著，但著作中卻有不少經學的見解，本文先就袁枚的治學態度入手，藉由袁枚務實而又博洽的治學態度，瞭解袁枚對學術的看法。其次，文中依序論述他對漢學、宋學的態度。就漢學方面來說：袁枚反對漢學瑣屑的考證，但亦受當時盛行的漢學考據風氣影響，嘗試對經典進行更縝密的研究；進而提出六經皆文，全面疑經，對漢學泥古之風予以質疑。就宋學的態度來說：袁枚主張推翻道統論的權威思想，並抨擊獨尊宋學的主張，強調獨立思考，同時對於理學中強調滅人欲為修身之道提出批判。袁枚的經學論點雖未必皆為獨創，但他強調獨立自由的反抗精神，能對學術思潮有客觀的判斷與理解，亦可一觀；此外，在與同時代文人相較之下，他主張漢、宋學各有優劣，並能予以客觀公正的評價，相當難得，可為乾嘉時期的經學研究提供一個思考的新面向。

Yuan Mei was one distinctive learned scholar of great importance during Chien-Jia Era in Ching Dynasty; therefore, when we study sinology and literature of Chien-Jia Era, we cannot ignore his sinological viewpoints and writings. More researchers have done a lot in discussion of his poetry theory; on the contrary, there are few essays focused on his sinological viewpoints. As a result, this essay is aimed to research and rearrange his attitude toward Chinese Classics in order to achieve a more fulfilled comprehension of the academic developments during Chien-Jia Era.