從《神譜》與「強力意志」論起源問題

On the Question of “Origin”from Theogony and Will to Power

「起源」(ἀρχή) 問題是人對於自身與世界最初與最後的提問，作為西方哲學的開始，它更早就出現在古希臘的神話中，同時也出現在十九世紀末的尼采思想中。然而，從赫西俄德的《神譜》到尼采的強力意志概念，我們看到的是對於「起源」問題不同理解的可能。本文試圖論證，在赫西俄德《神譜》中的起源概念不僅主導西方兩千年來形上學的發展，同時也影響了尼采的多元起源概念。面對十九世紀形上學困境，尼采以系譜學的方式提出世界的起源是強力意志，並在強力意志的學說中發展了隱含在古希臘神話思想中的多元起源概念，為二十世紀的哲學開啟了新的方向。

“Origins (ἀρχή)” has been the very first and last question raised by humans. As the beginning of Western philosophy, it already appeared as early in the ancient Greek mythology, while also in Nietzsche’s thinking in the late 19th century. However, by way of exploring the relation between Hesiod’s Theogony and Nietzsche’s “will to power”, this study would like to reveal the different possibility of understanding the meaning of “origins”. The present study attempts to demonstrate that the concept of “origins” in Hesiod’s Theogony has not only led the development of Metaphysics in Western philosophy over the past two thousand years, but also influenced Nietzsche’s idea of multiple origins. Facing the predicament of Metaphysics in the 19th century, Nietzsche put forward “will to power” as the world’s origin by way of genealogy, and developed the concept of multiple origin connoted in ancient Greek mythology, opening up new directions in the 20th century’s philosophy.