讀一切書之法──金聖嘆評《水滸傳》之文法術語及其敘事意涵

The Method of Reading All Books─Narrative Theory in Jin Shengtan’s Marginalia of Outlaws of the Marsh

本文以金聖嘆（1608-1661）小說評點為研究個案。研究方法以敘事學及新敘事學為參考系，透過對照《貫華堂第五才子書水滸傳》與《天下才子必讀書》評點「文法」，確定其意涵，比較其異同，探論其所呈現敘事觀點；包括經典敘事學「故事」、「話語」等層次，也融合新敘事學敘事分析多維互動，反省金聖嘆評點之小說敘事學。研究發現金聖嘆文法評點敘事法則，已涵蓋「話語層」中「敘事語法」三大範疇，且能融匯三者，亦融合敘事語法、敘事詩學、敘事修辭，初具中國小說評點敘事理論格局；其中又以敘事時空詩學最具特色。

The paper is a case study of the marginalia of Ming-Qing classic novels. The primary subject in this paper focuses on Jin Shengtan’s marginalia of the novel (also named Guanhuatang diwu caizishu Shuihuzhuan). The paper takes Jin Shengtan’s marginalia of Outlaws of the Marsh as an example to discuss its narratology. At the same time, I will contrast both the former marginalia and those of the other Books of Masters (also named Tianxia caizi bidushu) so as to analyze Jin Shengtan’s narrative theory. Applying the method of narratology, I hope to illustrate its significance which is in Jin Shengtan’s narrative theory. Because the analysis of narratology includes three discrete projects──narrative grammar, narrative poetics and narrative rhetoric, I discuss both narrative form in texts and the contexts of narrative interpretation. I discover that, a narrative theory that belongs to Jin Shengtan’s marginalia of Outlaws of the Marsh is the young type. About his narrative theory, Time-Spatial poetics is the most characteristic discourse.