徐渭題畫作品中別號與閒章義涵初探－－兼探款署「金罍」與鈐印「金畾」

A Preliminary Study on the Meanings of the “hao” and “xien zhang” Contained in the Paintings by Xu, Wei

十六世紀中後期的花鳥寫意畫家徐渭，將誠摯激切的真情傾注於繪畫，並融合詩歌、書法的深刻領悟，結合印章之鈐用，使其題畫作品撼動人心。如同許多文人畫家，徐渭每立號自況，無論詩文、書法或現存畫作，常署以「青藤」、「天池」以外不同的別號。其「號」與「閒章」作為心聲所寄、人生界石，於畫作題款時配合畫境、創作情態使用，使「其人其號」互有輝映。故探究徐渭「號」與「閒章」之義涵，可從不同視角，瞭解徐渭的人生態度及其創作意識。由是，本文輯出徐渭現存畫作之「號」與「閒章」，對其文字選用先作整合分類，再與其生平行事、詩文著作結合，以探求所含意蘊。最後，對於一般徐渭傳記資料中所列舉之別號釋文，如「金回」、「金壘」、「金畾」及甚少論及之「金罍」等相關問題提出討論，以釐析此別號之於徐渭的意義與作用。

Xu, Wei, a painter on birds and flowers in the late 16th century, amazed people with his works that were injected his passion and imbedded with his deep apprehension of poetry and calligraphy. Like many painters and literati, Xu gave himself other names that were related to the circumstances he was under. He constantly initialed his poetry or painting works with names other than “Qing Teng (green rattan)” and “Tien Chi (sky pool)”. His “hao(names)” and “xien zhang (stamps with poetry, proverbs or drawings as text )” , reflecting his thoughts and views were applied to his works in the light of his mood and feeling when rendering a work to make his personality and names highlight each other. Therefore, it is advisable to view Xu’s life philosophy and creativity from different perspectives as we explore the meaning of his hao and xien zhang. This article carries his existing hao and xien zhang and categorizes the words he used. A study is made by comparing his life and literary works with the hao and xien zhang. At last, a discussion of issues on the description of Xu’s other names (such as Jin Hui, Jin Lei, Jin Lei and the rarely referred Jin Lei ) found in the biographic accounts on him was conducted to clarify these names’ meanings and function to the literatus.