從經典詮釋的角度論儒道《易》圖的類型與變異

On the Genre and Changes of the Confucian and Taoist I-Ching Figures and Images ---- a Perspective of Classical Interpretation

1.《易》圖書之學一直被指源出道教而被排斥於《易》學與儒學之外。這與17世紀「儒道之辨」的思潮有關。其實以圖象方式詮《易》，在思想史上是極有意義及價值的。2.從詮釋方式的觀點看，《易》圖約可區分為四類，分別為：「以《周易》經傳原理為中心的《易》圖」、「以儒學思想為主的《易》圖」、「以道教思想為主的《易》圖」、「受《易》圖啟示而以儒學思想為中心的其他圖」。3.儒家《易》圖和道教《易》圖差異極大。學者多注意儒家《易》圖受道教思想影響，卻忽略了其實道教《易》圖受到《周易》經傳以及其他儒家《易》圖的影響亦甚深。道教《易》圖本身亦有龐大複雜的變異。過去學術界認為宋明儒《易》圖出於道教，是一種過於簡單的認知。4.宋儒以圖象方式詮釋《周易》，對思想史尤其是儒學的發展影響甚大。劉宗周《人譜》及顏元《性圖》就是受《易》圖影響而著成的重要儒學著作。

There are thousands of figures in the Dao Zang (I and II), the Zangwai daoshu and in other Confucian books and texts. Many of them were composed by the main concepts of the I Ching. They had also deduced by the Taoists and Confucian learners individually to express their own thoughts. This paper has analyzed these figures, discussed the modes of interpretation by images, and profiled the differences between the Taoists' figures and the Confucians' figures. There are a few main issues to be addressed: 1. Figures which relating to the I-Ching could be categorized into four types: The first is primarily the interpretation of the general content of the I-Ching; the second focused on the philosophical idea of Confucianism; the third being the use of philosophical ideas of the I-Ching as foundation to interpret Taoism. The fourth and final type of figure is ones that make use of philosophical ideas of the I-Ching as a starting point to elucidate Confucian philosophy. 2. Through various comparisons of the evolution of the figures, we could enhance our knowledge on the inter-influence, development and transformation of Confucianism and Taoism. 3. We have to retreat into the intrinsic quality of the I-Ching figures when considering the value of studying them. That is to say, we must explore every form to examine its nature in order to weigh its effectiveness and value.