吳澄《易纂言》之句讀判斷與訓詁方法

The Decision of Punctuation and the Methods of Gloss in Wu-ch'eng's I-tsuan-yen

本文旨在論析吳澄《易纂言》之句讀及訓詁成果，本文論述分為三大部分，一考察吳澄之句讀方法，二介紹吳澄之訓詁方法，三檢討吳澄之訓詁成果。第一部分分為兩點：一、考察經傳用例；二、結合卦象作判斷之例。第二部分以五點說明：一、使用資料性理據之實例；二、理論性理據之運用；三、兼用資料性與理論性理據之實例；四、兼用理論性理據與文脈性理據之實例；五、資料性、理論性、文脈性理據三者兼用之實例。第三部分，首先討論吳澄的特殊訓詁，以見出優於他家之處。例一、以卦、爻象義解釋實詞；例二、以卦、爻辭內容之區分解釋實詞；例三、依句法及經文用例解釋「形式意義」虛詞；例四、以篇義解釋「語行意義」之虛詞；例五，以篇義界定實詞與虛詞；例六，依篇義界定爻辭所指義涵。其次在訓詁限制部分，指出吳澄訓詁不可取處並加以修正。例一、缺乏文獻依據之實詞解釋；例二、誤將時間副詞拆解成動作與足句虛詞的組合；例三、誤以合義複詞解釋衍聲複詞。

The text points out the achievements of punctuation and gloss in Wu-cheng's I-tsuan-yen. Three topics are discussed in this article: 1) the methods of punctuation, 2) the methods of gloss and 3) the achievements of gloss. First topic is separated into two parts: 1) the usage of Ching and Chuan, 2) the combination of hexagram-image. The second topic is separated into five parts: 1) the material basis, 2) the theoretical basis, 3) both of material basis and theoretical basis, 4) both of material basis and text-thread basis, and 5) the example of all basis. The third topic separate into two parts: 1) about particular gloss: a.) the explanation of the real words by the image and meaning of hexagram and yao, b) to explanation of the real words by the content of the hexagram and yao text, c) the explanation of the virtual words of formal meaning by syntax and usage of text, d) to explanation of the virtual words of behavior concept of language by the chapter-meaning, e) to separate real words and virtual words by the chapter-meaning, f) to defined the yao text by the chapter-meaning. 2) about the limit in Wu-ch'eng's gloss: a) the explanation of real words without the literature basis b) the fault for dividing the time-adverb into active and finish-sentence virtual words c) the fault for explaining the derivative-voice compound-noun by co-meaning compound-noun.