從經典詮釋傳統論二十世紀《易》詮釋的分期與類型

On the Periodization and Typology of Twentieth Century's Studies of the I-Ching: A View from the Chinese Tradition in Canonical Interpretation

受到出土文獻及新思想的衝擊，本世紀《易》詮釋開展了好幾個新的方向，有別於1900年以前舊傳統詮釋《周易》的價值取向和觀念架構。本文從中國經典詮釋傳統談起，進而檢視學術界六種對於本世紀《易》學分期與分派問題的看法，並進而切入提出「三時期」的分期觀點，以及三種詮釋的類型。結論認為，二十世紀《易》詮釋宜區分為三個時期：民國十九年（1930）以前為第一個時期，民國二十年至六十三年（1931-1973）為第二個時期，民國六十三年（1974） 以後迄今為第三個時期。促成百年來《易》學風氣轉變的因素主要則有二：一為新思潮的激盪，二為新材料的出土；前者帶來了價值觀念的重整，後者促使了研究對象的擴大。百年來學者詮釋《周易》的取向，約可區分為：以傳統《易》學成果為基礎的詮釋、以科學精神為主體的詮釋、以思想觀念為中心的詮釋等三類。以傳統《易》學成果為基礎的詮釋的特色在較重視傳統的象數學說；以科學精神為主體的詮釋，重視歷史考據方法，其近源為王國維二重證據法，遠源可追溯至乾嘉學者蘊含科學精神的治學傳統；第三種詮釋類型「以思想觀念為主線的詮釋」，包含了衍生式的詮釋、貫串式的詮釋和整合式的詮釋等三種。

New archaeological findings and new thoughts have opened a few prospects for the interpretation of I-Ching in this century. This is different from the valuation and conceptual structure of previous traditional interpretation. We begin from the tradition in canonical interpretation, and from there reflect on the six types of perceptions on the typology of Twentieth century I-Ching Studies. In addition, we also suggest a 'three period' division of 1-Ching Studies and three kinds of typology on its interpretations. In conclusion, we know that interpretation of 1-Ching in the Twentieth century could be divided into three periods: (1) before 1930. (2) 1931-1973. (3) after 1974 till present. The new I-Ching Studies of this century were built up on two main factors: first being the great impact of new thoughts and ideologies; second being new archaeological discoveries. The former brought about the re-orientation of values, and the latter broadened the scope of research. Researches' interpretations of I-Ching during the course of the past one hundred years could be roughly categorized as follows: (1) interpretations based on results of traditional I-Ching Studies; the characteristics of this method is its focus more on traditional signs and diagrams theory. (2) interpretations having scientific spirit as guideline; this method emphasizes on the textual and archaeological researches. (3) interpretations having philosophical thought as a guide; this method includes derivative, connective and comprehensive ways of interpretation.