從「夫枷」到「國枷」：結構交織困境下的受暴越南婚移婦女

From Family to State Tightrope: Structural Intersectionality and Battered Vietnamese Wives in Taiwan

本文採建制民族誌的研究取向，探討有哪些結構性因素，使得一群婚移台灣的越南女性，在面臨家庭暴力時難以脫離困境？台灣雖然已經有「家庭暴力防治法」，相關人員依法必須協助她們走出暴力，然而我們檢視「法律運作」的過程，訪談越南婦女和台灣丈夫，佐以相關人士的說法和文本資料，卻發現從最初不知該如何求助，到進入求助體系，最後縱使取得家暴保護令，受暴婦女在每一個階段中，都面臨了結構困境。從結構交織的觀點出發，我們認為在性別、國族與階級的交織作用下，父權國家在法律運作以及福利服務輸送的過程當中，所形成的制度性暴力，是越南婚移婦女無法順利走出家暴困境的關鍵。

This paper explores what structural factors hinder Vietnamese immigrant wives from escaping domestic violence by applying an institutional ethnography perspective. Taiwan's Domestic Violence Prevention Law regulates the government to assign professionals to help abused victims, but the law in action shows that abused Vietnamese wives must go through multiple institutions, which put different structural constraints on them to reach the goal of escaping domestic violence. Following the structural intersectionality approach, we contend that gender, nationalism, and class structural factors intersectionally impose constraints on immigrant women in the process of seeking help from the state.