性化的國境管理：「假結婚」查察與中國移民／性工作者的排除

Sexualized Border Control: The Investigation of 'Phony Marriages' and the Exclusion of Chinese Migrants/Sex Workers

面談機制與「假結婚」查察儼然成為近年來政府部門過濾哪些中國移民女性可以入境、移民台灣的主要國境管理機制。藉由訪談第一線的國境管理者以及中國移民／性工作者，本文將環繞著「假結婚」查察實作來討論性、性別與種／族群政治相互交織的複雜權力關係。本文首先指出，具有娼妓指涉的「大陸妹」被視為「假結婚」查察的首要圍堵對象，意謂著此一境管機制不僅是種／族群化的，也是性化的體制。其次，性化的國境管理也具現在「假結婚」查察實作中，性往往被視為體現婚姻真實的指標之上。第三，未取得身分證的中國移民女性，只要涉足「壞性」，即可予以遣返；從而，此一境管機制的目的並不在於辨明婚姻的虛實，而在於排除實踐「壞性」的中國移民女性。國籍取得和性政治掛鉤的結果，中國移民女性的性與身體被迫必須專屬於夫；性、種／族群政治再次與性別體制交織出中國移民／性工作迥異於本地性工作者和外籍移民／工的特殊社會處境。

Chinese migrants to Taiwan have been filtered out by means of two major mechanisms: interviews and investigations of 'phony marriages.' Based on in-depth interviews of Chinese migrant/sex workers and officers of the National Immigration Agency, I argue that these mechanisms of border control not only exclude racial and class 'Others,' but also sexual Others. Border control is sexualized to the extent that all Chinese migrant women are considered potential prostitutes. Only those who can pass a phony-marriage investigation are allowed to cross the border. Moreover, as it is rather difficult to differentiate a phony marriage from a real one, sexual activity usually turns out to be an important index in these investigations. It is not surprising that these investigations serve only to besiege Chinese sex workers, rather than to detect whether a cross-strait marriage in question is real or phony. On the surface, it seems that these mechanisms ensure that only genuine marriages take place. This research finds, however, that the state's concern reaches far beyond whether a cross-strait marriage is real or phony. The underlying purpose is to gain control over Chinese migrant women's bodies and sexuality per se. Indeed, before obtaining Taiwanese nationality, Chinese spouses who have engaged in commercial sex or any other sexual practices outside of heterosexual norms lose their spousal status and are deported back to China. I therefore argue that by examining the intersection of gender, sexuality, and ethnicity, it is possible to construct a more complex and realistic picture of Taiwan's border control. The process of filtering out the unqualified racial and class Other simultaneously makes Chinese women's bodies and sexuality subordinate to their Taiwanese husbands.