現代社會中宗教發展的風險意涵：台灣本土宗教活動規畫所體現的「選擇親近性」

Risk and Religious Development in Modern Society: The 'Elective Affinity' of Religious Programming in Taiwan

本文旨在說明台灣本土宗教過去幾十年來的成長態勢以及它們進行活動規畫的選擇偏好，都與現代社會中的風險論述有關。社會中的不同風險論述讓許多台灣宗教團體找到了發展的契機，這成為宗教蓬勃發展的一項重要結構性條件。儘管社會中還存在著許多其他結構性條件，如民間集會結社限制的法律鬆綁，以及1970年代以來台灣經濟成長等因素。然而這些都僅說明了宗教團體發展的外部條件，並沒有進一步結合宗教論述來說明。本文認為風險觀點能補足這個面向的討論，由風險的角度我們可以結合宗教性這個內在因素來說明，何以在同樣的政經條件下，不同類型的宗教團體會選擇不同的活動規畫來招募信眾，並展現出特定的「選擇親近性」。

This paper explains that the religious growth and various ways of religious programming during the past decades in Taiwan are related to the production of risk discourses. Risk society provides various possibilities for religious organizations to attract participants. Many studies have argued that some other social-structural conditions can also explain the religious development, like repealing the juridical restraints on civil organizations in 1987 and the economic growth that has been occurring since 1970. Such studies do not address factors within the religious field itself. Based on the theory of risk society, I reveal the relation between the religiosity of religious organization and its religious programming, that is, the 'elective affinity' of the religious organization, which shows the structural character of religious development in Taiwan.