旁觀與融入：透過觀景窗的「凝視」觀點探討教育的本質

Detachment and Engagement: On the Essence of Education through the Zoom Lens

本文主旨在於思考教學現場裡教師涉入教學深度的意義，思考教育現場的凝視與參與、旁觀與融入的差異，蘊含教育與哲學的辯證與探究。 本文分為四節，第一節從學者Aidan Curzon-Hobson的教育觀點與Camus作品《異鄉人》（The Stranger）的靈感，探討師生如何在教學與學習現場裡面對陌生人。第二節從Iain Thomson對Heidegger教育本體論的詮釋，思考教學者學習的意義、老師又該怎麼教，才能幫助學生回歸真正的學習，認識教育的本質。第三節以Walter Kaufmann對存在主義與死亡（Existentialism and Death）一文的評析，探討隱藏在存在背後的相關思考及其教育意涵。最後本文作者結論為教學現場的凝視始於模糊概念的建立與對教育現場創造性的反思，從課堂裡的旁觀與融入，師生課堂間的互動是持續不斷變化與活動，凝視的教育本質需要不斷重新取鏡與嘗試。

The purpose of this paper is to explore the depth of teaching involved in the teaching situation: Should teachers take an objective distance or subjective investment? Inspired by the photographic works shot bySebastiao Salgado from thirty-nine countries, this paper examines how teachers should respond to students in classrooms by questioning whether a teacher manages her class like a photographer makes his camera zoom in and out. The„distance‟ between teachers and students make educational situations mean differently. The authors aim to reveal the rich meaning ofeducational processesby exploring the involvedambiguity, doubts, creativity, and diversity. This paper is divided into four sections. The first section explores „the stranger look‟ between teachers and students in the teaching and learning scene, inspired by Aidan Curzon-Hobson's educational view and Camus's “The Stranger”. The second section takes inspirations of Iain Thomson's interpretation of Heidegger's educational ontology to explore the significance of teaching. From the view of Heidegger, teachers should be a model learner and build a new concept of failure. On this basis, teachers can help students to gain a sense of self-awareness to understand the nature of education. In the third section, the authorsdiscuss Walter Kaufmann's existentialist view about death which deepens teachers and students understanding of the meaning of life and education. Finally, the authors conclude that the gaze of ateacher begins with ambiguous concepts. Many related concepts need to be reflected again and again, e.g. creativity and the teacher-student interrelationship. A teacher‟s gaze at a student is like to see her through a camera lens.As the photographer needs to change the zoom all the time, a teacher needs to constantly change her view and distance.Education isto constantly re-take and try.