“互聯網+”的規制結構以－－“網約車”規制為例

The Regulatory Structure of 'Internet Plus': A Case Study on 'App-Based Ride and Taxi Services'

“互聯網+”能夠提升效率，也會放大風險，如何形成完善的規制結構亟待研究。網約車的規制問題引發熱議。其中，是否規制、如何規制和誰來規制，是爭論激烈，也是規制結構探究尤為重要的三個問題。在是否規制的決斷上，需要明確政府──市場的活動邊界。經濟學知識和交通管理資料顯示，網約車運營有著負外部性、信息不對稱、形成壟斷結構等特點，政府規制有著必要性，《行政許可法》提供了實定法上的判斷和支撐根據。在規制方案上，應當建構平等、妥當和動態的規制體系。政府規制應當平等，以建構公平的競爭環境；應當根據運營形態妥當設定，以實現目的──手段的有效匹配；還應當能夠適時調整，實現動態規制。為了實現有效規制，還需要在中央和地方立法之間進行妥當分工，實現中央的框架性立法和地方因地制宜立法的有機結合。最終，形成“互聯網+”規制的系統合作框架和分層分類結構。

Internet Plus' may amplify risk while it improves efficiency. It is a priority to research the regulatory structure. There are controversies on the issue of regulation of 'App-Based Ride and Taxi Services', especially the issues of whether, how and who to regulate. We need a clear govemment-market boundary to determine whether to regulate. 'App-Based Ride and Taxi Services' may lead to negative externalities, information asymmetry and monopolistic structure. Regulation is essential for it is supported and controlled by 'The Administrative Licensing Law'. The regulation program should be equitable, appropriate and dynamic. It should be equal to ensure fair competition. The proper measures should be chosen to achieve the purposes of regulation. It also should be adjusted dynamically. In order to achieve effective regulation, the central legislation should establish a fundamental regulatory structure followed by the local regulatory measures. Eventually, a layered and classified regulatory structure could be constructed in a systematic and cooperative framework.