臺灣反毒策略之探討

A Study of Taiwan's Anti-drug Strategy

臺灣依「毒品危害防制條例」第2條所稱毒品，指具有成癮性、濫用性及對社會危害性之麻醉藥品與其製品及影響精神物質與其製品。由於毒品之危害具有心理依賴性、藥物耐受性、生理依賴性及社會危害性，因而各國對使用毒品均制定相關法律進行嚴格管制。在毒品政策之選擇上，鷹派便主張斷絕供給策略，貓頭鷹派則主張減少需求策略，鴿派卻主張毒品濫用屬於公共衛生問題。至於臺灣現行之反毒策略，最主要包含中央設立毒品防制會報、地方成立毒品危害防制中心、制定毒品危害防制條例反毒專法及採用減害及矯治之處遇。多年來臺灣在反毒工作的投入不遺餘力，但毒品氾濫問題始終未能獲得有效控制，面對此困境，政府現正在推動「新世代反毒策略」，建構「以人為中心的毒品防制新思維」，且從防毒監控、拒毒預防、緝毒溯源、戒毒策略、法律修正等方面著手。然而，臺灣現行反毒最大問題是施用毒品新生人口及原有毒品人口無法有效下降，新興混合式毒品正快速竄起，況且臺灣反毒一直不缺政策但缺整合專責機關，且對施用毒品者定位之爭議一直存在，因而強化初級預防－快樂連結給希望、設置反毒整合專責機關、施用毒品者全面除罪化不可行、強化再犯預防－從處罰到治療，確實值得此次反毒策略再深思之處。

The current anti-drug strategy in Taiwan, mainly include the establishment of the Central Committee's Drug Prevention Bulletin, Drug Abuse Prevention Center, narcotics hazard prevention act and the use of harm reduction and correction. However, over the years, the issue of drug abuse has not been effectively controlled. In the face of this predicament, the 'new generation anti-drug strategy' is being promoted to create a 'human-centered innovative thinking on drug control.' From drug prevention surveillance, anti-drug prevention, anti-drug traceability, drug rehabilitation strategies, legal amendments and so on. However, the current biggest issue of anti- drug is that the population of new drug users and the original drug user can not be effectively reduced. Nowaday, 'mixed drugs' are rapidly emerging, therefore, the anti-drug strategy should reinforce the primary prevention - happy link to hope and set up an integration of anti-drug specialized agencies, overall decriminalization of drug users is not feasible, and intensified recidivism - from punishment to treatment.