博物館互動式展示的今昔與展望：以國立科學工藝博物館為案例

The Development of Museum Interactive Exhibits: Take the National Science & Technology Museum as an Example

互動式展示是現今博物館展示中最耀眼的明星，也是吸引觀眾的焦點，在當代發達的電子與資訊科技加乘之下，互動式展示有著繽紛多樣的外觀面貌，與活潑有趣的呈現方式；在博物館教育、科學教育、心理學等領域當中的許多理論與實務都支持博物館互動式展示，認為互動式展示對觀眾的科學學習有正面的影響；然而，如此重要的一種展示形態，在台灣博物館領域的探討卻不見深入，有鑑於此，本文從互動式展示的起源與發展歷程開始探討，釐清其功能與角色，並以台灣最大的科學博物館，即科工館為主要觀察對象，客觀檢視二十年來博物館互動式展示的變遷，研究結論顯示：今昔相比，互動式展示的發展趨勢有五，包括：複雜化、電腦化、觸控化、虛擬化與大型化，其發展動力主要來自於展示相關科技的進步，特別是電腦功能的提升、價格的降低、普遍的使用與多樣化的運用；此外博物館經營理念的「以人為主」，讓博物館策展理念隨之翻轉，使得參與式展示受到更多的重視。最終彙整前述之發現，對於互動式展示之未來發展提出四大趨勢，包括：一是更多元有趣的操作模式，二是更震撼的視覺效果，三是更細膩的體驗與經驗，四是更寬廣的內容與連結。

The interactive presentation is the most welcome exhibition process designed for contemporary museums; it is often the attractive focus for visitors. Due to the progress of integrating electronics and technologies, its diversified facets and vivid, as well as interesting, displays always attract visitors to participate in the activities. Numerous theories and practices in education related to museums, science, psychology, etc., all supports this kind of presentation; it proves that learning technologies have a positive impact. However, as there are no profound researches related to such a significant exhibition form, the researcher therefore aims to explore its origin and development so as to clarify its functions and roles. NSTM, the largest museum of science and technology, is taken as an example for the case study. The transition of interactive presentation in the past twenty years was reviewed and the study conclusions show five developing trends in comparing the past and present: complication, computerization, screen touching mold, virtualization and enlargement. The developing force derives mainly from the advancement of technology, in particular, the upgrading of computer functions, its lower price, common usage and multiple applications. Furthermore, the operation concept of museums focuses on “people”; this changes the curatorial perspective and helps the participatory presentation to be seen and valued. In the summary, four developing trends are proposed for the future: (1) design more diverse and interesting operation molds; (2) create impressive visual effects; (3) bring intense experiences and (4) develop extensive contents and links.