從物件學習的角度探究觀眾在印刷科技展中的科技理解與認知

A Study of Visitors' Understanding and Cognition on Printing Technology from Object-centered Learning Perspective

博物館的物件展示，除了希望以藏品傳遞知識，更希望透過展示詮釋的細膩手法，引發觀眾的學習興趣。然而，博物館蒐藏的科技物件透過展示情境營造及故事線的詮釋進行展出，是否能促進觀眾對物件的理解與認知？本研究以國立科學工藝博物館「訢心相印：印刷科技文物展」為研究場域，由研究者自編問卷以半結構式訪談進行觀察與質性資料收集，探討參觀物件展示對於觀眾的科技概念與科技理解的影響。研究結果發現，觀眾參觀印刷展後，對於印刷科技相關概念理解及認知層面均有顯著增加。觀眾對於印刷的基本概念，集中於印刷品與印刷機具，但是參觀後會大幅擴及到其他面向，並且能與生活做連結。在印刷科技的理解面向上，參觀後的確能增進觀眾對於印刷流程的理解，尤其出於興趣的參觀動機，學習效果最為顯著。對於印刷滿足人類需求的認知面，參觀後也有增進，肯定印刷科技在資訊傳播、知識累積、省時便利及容易保存面向上對人類的貢獻。另外參觀民眾對於印刷文物的價值普遍具有認知概念，對於鉛活字的印象最為深刻，且對於文物的用途也有所理解。

The museum exhibition was not only to enlighten but also to inspire visitors' learning interests on objects by interpreting with delicate exhibit technique. The museum collections were usually presented to the public through diorama exhibition and by the technique of story-telling line interpretation. How did visitors learn from those objects? Could those exhibitions enhance visitors' cognition and understanding of the objects? This study applied the exhibition of “Journey of Printing Collections” as a case to explore how visitors learn from objects. The semi-structured interviews were applied to collect quantitative data, and therefore to be analyzed visitors' cognition and understanding of the objects before and after their visits. The findings of this study suggested that: (1) the visitors' technological concept and technological understanding toward typography artifacts had significantly increased after their visits; (2) the basic concepts of visitors were focus on printing products and machineries before visits. After visits, it expanded to different faces, also connected with daily lives; (3) this exhibition actually enhanced the visitors' recognition of printing process and the learning effect rose especially when people's visit motivation comes from their interests; (4) the respondents affirmed the contribution of typography artifacts on information and communication, knowledge accumulating, time-saving and convenience, and simplicity of preservation; (5) the audiences generally recognized the value and usage of printing technology, were specifically impressed by typography artifacts.