觀眾與互動展品：非制式學習環境中的發現學習

Visitors and Hands-on Exhibits：A Study of Discovery Learning in an Informal Learning Environment

本研究目的在於瞭解學生觀眾於科技博物館內與展示品的互動方式及其學習行為。研究者運用錄影觀察、隱身追蹤記錄以及半結構式的訪談，探究觀眾在非制式學習環境中的學習樣態。從29位學生觀眾的觀察與訪談資料分析歸納出學生觀眾參觀前受刺激的來源、參觀時所進行的探索方式與發現學習的形態，以及學生們在參觀互動展示單元後所產生的影響。本研究從科技博物館非制式學習環境中，發現觀眾於其間的學習行為是自發式的探索，學生與展品互動的歷程可分為四個階段，包含八種參觀動機因素、六種探索方式、四種學習脈絡特性以及三個向度八個小項的學習成效。

The purpose of this research was to find out the interactive pattern when students manipulate the hands-on exhibits in a science and technology museum（S&T museum）. Student learning behaviors in a S&T museum were studied using qualitative approach which included video recording, hidden observation and semi-structured interviews. 29 individual students were traced for their learning behavior, and also applied semi-structured interviews for more details. The investigation was to determine the indicators for student motivation, discovery methods, and means of exploration; and then identify the relationships among learning effect and those indicators. The identification of students' learning patterns in a S&T Museum was the main finding of this research. As an informal learning environment, the S&T museum is a place where students learn through exploration and discovery. The discovery patterns with hands-on exhibits could be classified into four phases including motivation, discovery methods, exploring and learning effect. There were eight indicators for student's motivation, six discovery methods, four means of exploration and three kinds of learning effects.