改宗與族群認同：印尼華裔穆斯林宣教師對華人的宣教策略

Conversion and Ethnic Identity: Chinese-Indonesian Muslim Preachers’ Dakwah Strategies toward Ethnic Chinese

運用穆斯林宣教師的社會學分析，本文從印尼伊斯蘭宣教和華人族群政治的歷史脈絡，以比較性途徑來檢視印尼華人穆斯林宣教師對於華人的兩種宣教策略。首先，將Junus Jahja的宣教視為一種同化取向的宣教策略，詮釋他的動機、主張、途徑，並且探討他的宣教理念背後的族群政治因素，以及他的觀點對於華人穆斯林之影響，及時代背景的侷限。相對於同化性的宣教取向，曾經擔任過印尼華人穆斯林總會秘書的Syarif Siangan Tanudjaja，與Jahja的主張大為不同。他認為華人改信伊斯蘭宗教不需要拋棄華人認同，可說是調適性的宣教。Tanudjaja認為，對於華人穆斯林來說，只需要因應伊斯蘭法的要求來調整華人的習俗、行為，而不需為了改信伊斯蘭就離棄華人身分。兩位的宣教策略所觸及如何因應華人習俗與文化傳統，引發了跨文化性的伊斯蘭宣教議題。

By adopting sociological analysis on Muslim preachers, this paper compares two approaches of Chinese-Indonesian Muslim preachers’ dakwah (preaching Islam) toward their fellow Chinese in the historical contexts of dakwah and ethnic politics in Indonesia. First, it discusses Junus Jahja’s “assimilative dakwah” approach, and explains his strong idea of assimilation as a way of survival, the ethnic politics behind his ideas, and the legacy as well as obstacles to his dakwah. In contrast, Syarif Siangan Tanudjaja, a former general secretary of PITI, believes that it is not necessary to give up Chinese ethnicity for becoming a Muslim. Tanudjaja’s approach is defined as “accommodative dakwah,” because it adjusts Chinese customs to conform with Islamic law, but not at the price of erasing Chinese ethnicity. The contrast between their dakwah strategies indicates an interesting question of how to deal with Chinese customs and cultural difference while preaching Islam to Chinese. It further engenders the issue of preaching Islam in cross-cultural approach.