世界和平與宗教：教宗本篤十六世的觀念

World Peace and Religion: The Perspective of Pope Benedict XVI

按羅馬公教會的傳統，宗教對話此一議題，不論是在思想或是態度方面，都受到梵二大公會議（1962-1965）的影響。在《教會對非基督宗教態度宣言》（Nostra Aetate）中，教會表達出對其他宗教信仰的包容與正向的評價。由於羅馬公教會有意與其他不同的宗教進行合作，所以由教會各層級透過不同的形式，一起推動了宗教對話的工作。但就整體來看宗教對話的模式，不由得會引起我們的一種思慮，即：教會關於宗教之間的互相合作與對話的運作上，是否有一個確切的指導準則？教宗本篤十六世主張，宗教對話與合作提供了機會讓每個宗教來表達他們的最高理想。且由於教宗對宗教對話與合作的關注，他特別提醒我們有必要仔細地考慮宗教對話的動機、方式與目的；並應以大家所共同關懷的問題如世界和平作為出發點。本文將以教宗本篤十六世「世界和平日」文告為基礎，以突顯出宗教對話框架的要素，並試圖指出宗教合作所需的準則為何。

Religious dialogue within the framework of the Roman Catholic Church was enabled by a shift in the appraisal of other religions. The shift took place during Vatican II (1962- 1965) and is traceable through the positive and inclusive assessment made of other religions, explicitly stipulated in the Declaration Nostra Aetate. The desire for encounter and collaboration with followers of other religious traditions has led to the Church’s commitment to religious dialogue. This commitment is being materialized in different forms, with different dynamisms, and at different layers of the Church’s structures. The overall picture, however, might lead one to ponder on the existence of a Catholic vade-mecum for interreligious interactions. Speaking of religious dialogue and collaboration, Pope Benedict XVI says that it “provides opportunities to express the highest ideals of each religious tradition.” Yet, while considering the present proliferation of interreligious meetings, he calls for the necessity of discerning the motivations, the concrete expressions and the final purpose of religious dialogue. Still, religious dialogue is a vivid motive on the Pope’s agenda. He nurtures it by fostering issues of common concern that require the attention and cooperation of all. World peace is one of these. Based on an analysis of the Pope’s messages for the World Day of Peace, the present article aims to highlight his underlying dialogic framework. Moreover, it assesses the fittingness of proposing it as a source of inspiration for guidelines for the practice of religious dialogue.