比較會通朱熹「太極」、《管子》四篇「道」及《大般涅槃經》「如來藏」

Comparing Tai Chi by Zhu Xi, Dao in the Four Taoist Chapters of Guangzi and Bhutatathata in the Mahaparinirvanasutra Sūtra

本文比較會通儒釋道三家在阿道司・赫胥黎（Aldous Huxley, 1894-1963）涉及宗教神祕主義的三個終極「神聖根基」（Divine Grounds）或「最大公約數」（Highest Common Factors）。同時，藉著「歷程形上學」（process metaphysics）的方法，切入融會貫通三家在宗教哲學彼此更廣的理解與共識。嚴格來說，宗教與形上學是屬於兩個不同的學術領域。宗教主要關心人生第一根源與最終目的之相連地方；形上學又稱為首先哲學，主要替哲學各部門提供貫通性、最核心的終極哲學基礎。整體而言，本文的研究進路是採用包容神祕主義的宗教哲學，以這觀點來研討、比較、會通這三家的「神聖根基」。本文分四節。第一節前言簡單介紹世界宗教的「神聖根基」或「最大公約數」。第二節依據赫胥黎的歸納，點出宋代儒家朱熹（1130-1200）理氣論的「太極」、黃老道家《管子》四篇的「道」及大乘佛家《大般涅槃經》的「如來藏」形上的共通地方。接著，第三節指出歷程形上學「永恆──暫世──永恆」的框架，並以之比較貫通「太極」、「道」及「如來藏」在此歷程的終極實在與意義（ultimate reality and meaning）。第四節是本文結語。

This paper compares Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism in terms of the concept of the Divine Ground or the Highest Common Factor as outlined by Aldous Huxley (1894- 1963). Simultaneously, it seeks to integrate the common fundamental essence of the three religions through process metaphysics. Divided into four sections, Section 1 introduces the concept of the Divine Ground or the Highest Common Factor among world religions. Section 2 explores the fundamental essential points among the concept of Tai Chi by the neo-Confucian Zhu Xi (1130- 1200), the concept of Dao in the Four Taoist Chapters of Guangzi, and the concept of Bhutatathata in the Mahaparinirvanasutra Sūtra. Then, Section 3 sums up the basic unifying infrastructure of the process metaphysics as regards the Divine Grounds of the three religions and uses it to integrally compare their ultimate reality and meaning. Section 4 consists of the concluding comments.