北宗神秀及其禪系的懺悔實踐

Shen Hsiu of Northern School of Zen Buddhism and the Practice of Kṣama by School of Zen Buddhism

從敦煌S.0735《大乘無生方便門》、S.2595《觀心論》等資料觀之，北宗神秀曾在菩薩戒儀軌中進行懺悔滅罪的禪行實踐，他的懺悔實踐是以眾生本具的清淨心地為戒的「護持心不起」之清淨禪觀，這是一種菩薩戒、懺悔滅罪與清淨禪觀即體即用、互照互用的禪行工夫。從P.2911《秀禪師七禮》等資料視之，神秀禪系亦重視禮懺儀軌與清淨禪觀的結合，但它的方法並非一般禮懺法那種就無量無邊罪業進行一一發露，而是強調「向裡澄心」、「翻心作善」、「真如涅槃」的懺悔實踐，展現出北宗神秀禪系的自家特色。

The information from Tunhuang manuscripts of S.0735 “Non-Arising Expedient Means Gate of Mahayana Buddhism” and S.2595 “Concept of ‘Observing the Mind’” indicates that Shen Hsiu of Northern School of Zen Buddhism once carried out the practice of Zen action of kṣama for absolution from sin in Doctrine of the Bodhisattva Sadhana. His practice of kṣama embraces the Zen meditative contemplation of purity of “No rise of thoughts in the mind of support,” the doctrine of purity mind possessed by the public, as it is one Zen action of revelation and practice and mutual illumination and benefits for Doctrine of the Bodhisattva, kṣama for absolution from sin and Zen meditative contemplation of purity. According to the information from P.2911 “Seven Etiquettes of Hsiu Zen Master,” Shen Hsiu of School of Zen Buddhism also values the combination of Sadhana of kṣama rituals and Zen Meditative Contemplation of purity. Notwithstanding, the practice goes beyond the general kṣama rituals which discloses the immeasurable boundless nigha (sin), as it also emphasizes the kṣama practice of “Internally Clear Mind,” “Overturn Mind to Do Virtuous Deeds,” and “Tathata Nirvana” that demonstrates the distinguishing feature of Zen Buddhism of Shen Hsiu.