將軍之死──白先勇〈國葬〉中的國族符碼

Death of the General—The Cultural Codes of “Guozang” in Pai Hsien-yung's novel

本文從〈國葬〉的內容出發，以小說所提及的人、事、物作引，討論故事中的國族符碼及其所反映的文化。
〈國葬〉中的輓聯本意是描寫李浩然的功績，白先勇把死亡熟練地運用為寫作材料，以小說中人物的事蹟與靈堂中的物件反映出轉進來台的老兵心態，也反映特定族群的國族意識所帶來的身世之歎。此外也表現出白先勇發出不平之鳴，為父留名的意圖。小說中形形色色的軍人形象，都是利用文化符碼將歷史與小說連結的佳筆，故事中各個反映歷史的物件，都隱隱挑動省外族群集體意識的神經。第一代省外族群擁有和本省各族群不同的歷史與文化背景，小說一方面以諸多物件來表現這種國族主義，凸顯文化符碼在小說中的重要性；一方面也反映出對英雄失意、壯志未酬的嘆息之情。從國／族的角度來看，〈國葬〉都以當時歷史背景反映了文學與真實空間的流動與轉移，而這些似真似假的空間轉換，以及充塞全文的國族符碼，是一個個的隱喻，流竄在讀者的思維裡，形成特殊的美感經驗。

This article discusses from the contents of the novel called “Guozang”國葬, which means a state funeral, to the cultural codes reflected from the novel. The article goes with five sections. Main points which is demonstrated can be but into three parts. First, couplets, the important stuff in the Chinese funeral, are used in the story to memorize general Li Hao-ran(李浩然). However, Pai uses those for further purposes. Poems written on the couplets not only show the complicated thought of the soldiers come from Mainland China, but also give the images of Pai's father. Second, by the materials of history, it is clear that “Guozang” revises from real background of war periods. Just because the story based on the reality, the cultural codes inside improve the story more esthetical. In terms of cultural codes, especially the codes of nationalism, have effects both to Taiwanese people and to the literary works, what is why Pai's noval give readers much awareness.