從墨家學派的衰微探論墨與俠的關係

From the declination of Mohist school of exploration on the relationship between the Mohist and chivalry

墨家學派本是先秦之際的顯學，秦、漢之後漸趨衰微而銷聲匿跡。考察墨家的衰微，有組織內外各項因素。組織外部的原因，諸如：秦、漢之後，時勢歸趨一統，墨家諸多理念不能見容於君主專制政體；政治現實打破了先秦時代子學平等的局面，獨尊儒術。其次，遭受到其他學派衛道攻擊與詆訾駁難，喪失了主流的地位。至於組織內部的原因，比如：墨家組織的行為特徵不能為人所接受、後期墨家的傾軋與質變，於是漸漸失去號召力。中國社會本有士志於道「任」的傳統，墨家理想在追求無階級平等的社會，反對社會掠奪，堅持是非與公義，此種人格典型隱然已經具備了「俠」的雛形。墨門集團原是一群具有知識願為理想獻身的勇士，墨家俠義事蹟甚夥，他們是後代游俠的先驅。墨家的理念思想與義勇的行動風範，影響後世游俠至為深遠。

Mohist school are famous between the pre-Qin, Qin and Han gradually decline and disappear after. Inspection Mohist school study being on the decline, organized inside and outside each factor. Organizes exterior reason, such as: After Qin, Chinese, the current situation turned over to hasten a series, Mohist School many ideas cannot see allows in the absolute monarchy regime, the political reality to break the pre-qin time study equality aspect, revered the Confucianist method alone. Next, was exposed other schools of thought to defend traditional moral principles the attack with to slander Zi to rebut and criticize, has lost the mainstream status. As for organizes internal reason, for instance: the Mohist school organization's behavior characteristic cannot the manner accept, Mohist school later student engaging in factional strife with the qualitative change, therefore loses the rallying point gradually. The Chinese society book has “take on heavy responsibilities” the tradition, the Mohist school ideal is pursuing the non-social class equality the society, opposed the society plunders, persisted the right and wrong and the justice, this kind of personality model already has had “the variant” unclearly embryonic form. The Mohist group are a group of warriors with ideal knowledge is willing to devote himself, chivalrous deeds of Mohist school gang, they are descendants of Ranger pioneer.Philosophy thought of Mohist school and volunteers action style, influencing later knight errant to be far-reaching.