呂碧城之自我放逐與歐美遊蹤──以《曉珠詞》為中心考察

Lu Bicheng's Self-exile and Her Footprints in America and Europe: Xian zhu ci曉珠詞 as Example

呂碧城（1883-1943）是清末民初一位特殊的女性和創作者。她曾參與女子師範教育工作，編輯報刊，推展護生運動，宣揚佛理，從事翻譯，創作文學，這些事業分別在中國、歐美諸國以及香港進行。其閱歷之豐富，較之近代中國諸多秀異之士，亦不遑多讓。創作方面值得措意的是，呂氏青少年至壯年時期（1896-1920），正與中國新文學連動遭遇，身處風潮，她不為所動，堅持以文言文、傳統的文學體裁創作，實為「以新材料入舊格律」的典型，頗具考察價值。呂氏之「自我放逐」情況、地點特殊，而「歐美遊蹤」、「護生事業」為傳統詞家無由觸及的題材，是為「新材料」。呂氏文學成就以詞為高，厥為新材料的舊載體。「新材料」和「舊載體」的結合，亦是探究呂氏生平事蹟與寫作藝街的門徑，本文以《曉珠詞》叩門。對其寫作藝街的探討，側重分析譬喻、典故的運用，與詞性的語意範疇，以呈現三者相互指涉所造就的意境，並及風格形成的原因。

Lu Bicheng (1883-1943) is a very special woman and writer in the Late Qin and Early Republican period. She helped to found the first woman normal school in China, edited newspaper translated Buddhist texts, promoted the animal protection movement, and engaged in creative writing. She was in the middle of the New Cultural Movement in her formative peiord, but seems not to be influenced by the ideas and ideals of the new generation. Because of personal circumstances, she spent her life throughout the areas of China, Hong Kong, Europe and America. Her experience of new life is therefore rich, while at the same time she underwent a self-exile state of mind. Lu Bicheng put her unique personal experience and her self-exile into ci lyric poems, a traditional literary genre. The special case that a modem figure uses a traditional literary form in expressing her experience presents a very interesting case for us to ponder. This paper will analyze the uses of metaphors, allusions, and the syntax in Xiaozhu ci曉珠詞, with an aim to bringing out the overall peculiar literary style of Lu Bicheng.