從按斷多合句重探先秦複句問題

本文環繞著周法高《中國古代語法：造句編》所謂的「多合句」現象，討論先秦複句的構成問題。多合句可區分為「內含事理關係的主謂句」和「多合事理關係句」兩大類，是文篇構式的產物。前者屬於［題旨──表述］構式，它的下位有「輻射句」、「網收句」、「並用句」三小類。後者是開放的大類，高度規約化的多合事理關係句都屬於此類。例如本文所舉以「則」為標記的平行推斷多合句和以「雖」為標記的轉折推斷多合句，還有周法高提到的，以「縱」為標記的容認多合句，都可視為構式的產物。從構式角度觀察多合複句，有助於釐析事理模式乃至謀篇理路。

Taking “multi-complex-compound”, as Professor Chou Fa-Kao called it in the volume of A Historical Grammar of Ancient Chinese Part I: Syntax, as a departure point, this paper discusses how the complex-compound sentences in the Pre-Qin Chinese discourses are constructed. Two high-level constructions, “topic-comment with logic relations” and “combination of multi-logic relations”, are recognized here. The former comprises three sub-types. The latter is open to all conventionalized complex-compound sub-types, three of which are exemplified in the discussion. This paper shows that analyzing discourse out of constructions will lead towards better understanding of the logic reasoning and composition of the Pre-Qin discourse.