《詩經》疑難詞語辨析（1）

Probing Hard-to-Crack Words in the Book of Ode (1)

小學明然後經學明，讀經首重精確瞭解詞義，因而歷來與《詩經》字詞訓解有關文獻汗牛充棟，由於分散在傳統舊注、字書、詞書，個別學者研究等書籍論文中，一則查檢不易，再則仍有討論空間，因而個人以「詩經疑難詞語辨析彙編」為題向國科會申請專題研究，本文選取其中「左右流之」等十則，作為局部研究成果發表。本文廣泛蒐集歷代重要注家訓解資料，深入辨析各家優缺得失，其中呈顯古籍訓解過程中所面臨的各種問題，如古文字形、音、義之探源，單音詞之多義性，詞彙結構之分析，聯綿詞與複合詞之辨識，實詞與虛詞之區分，本義、引申義、通假義之選用，語境與靈活詞義之斟酌、句法與詞義等等。本文的撰寫嚴謹面對歷來《詩經》疑難詞語解說紛紜的問題，試圖透過以上古籍訓解可能面臨的各種問題，提出較符詩義的解釋。

Philological studies are a prerequisite of a true understanding of classics. It is therefore important in the first place to understand what the words and phrases are meant. However, since different exegeses abound and scatter in different kinds of related texts throughout historical times and as usual turn out to be divergent in the interpretations of the philological and canonical meanings, ample space is still allowed for further investigations. Investigation into such problems has been one major concern of the author in recent academic endeavors. In this article, the author chooses to select ten items to elucidate what the problems might be and how we can approach them through meticulous examination and analysis. The approaches adopted in the study include collection of exegeses from different historical periods, evaluation of their strengths and weakness, and the fleshing out of the problems encountered in the exegeses of texts. The spadework includes tracking down the origin of the form, sound and meaning of old scripts, deciphering the polysemy of monosyllabic words, analysis of lexical structure, grasping the distinction between reduplicates and compounds, ferreting out the difference between lexemes and function words, capturing the original, extended and borrowed senses, and pinning down the context-dependent meaning. These ultimately concern the interface between syntax and semantics. The practice enfolded in this article critically tackles the various problems encountered in the study of the Book of Ode and attempts to help solve them and provide apt and precise accounts closely reflecting the original senses in this book.