《詩經》詞句訓解困難舉隅

Recalcitrant Cases of Textual Exegesis in Book of Ode

為《詩經》疑難詞語訓解通常會利用形訓、音訓、義訓、境訓、修辭、文法、構詞等種種方法解決，但是有時候不免面臨一些困難，例如古漢語單音詞的多義性、特殊句法、興句的意象義、名物與禮制、或訓詁與文化等等問題，甚至有些時候或許每一字詞意思能清楚訓釋，但是那一句話在整章中如何串講，因為不明語境，因而各家訓解不一，莫衷一是。本文試以「言告師氏」、「魴魚赬尾」、「退食自公」、「厭浥行露，豈不夙夜，畏行多露」、「相鼠有皮，人而無儀」、「既醉以酒，既飽以德」等六條詩句為例，這只是《詩經》訓詁問題的冰山一角，以見《詩經》訓詁之困難一般。

A variety of analytic techniques based on graphics, sounds, semantic, intrinsic and extrinsic contexts, rhetoric, grammar and morphology have been developed to deal with thorny cases of exegesis in Book of Ode. Still there are areas where one inevitably encounters various kinds of difficulty with respect to polysemy of monosyllabic words, sui generis syntactic types, the image-evoking sentences, terms of animals and objects and protocol, exegesis and culture, etc., in Old Chinese. There is no consensus among philologists as to how to best interpret a sentence isolated from the discourse in which it occurs even though one has a firm grasp of the meaning of words in it. The paper will examine six sentences closely to drive home the difficulty as a tip of iceberg in the textual interpretation of Book of Ode.