談《齊》風何必刺魯君

Why Is Lord Lu Criticized in Qi Songs: A Stylistic Study of Qi Songs in Shijing

對於《詩》十五《國風》，《詩序》以下多認為有所美刺。就《詩大序》 所言，《國風》多是詩人感時傷事，言一國之事。然而，《詩序》言十五《國 風》中，美刺《齊》風時，卻有兼刺魯君之說。此乃十五《國風》中特出現 象，故有進一步釐清之必要。本文主要探討《齊》風中與魯君相關之詩作， 有＜南山＞、＜敝笱＞、＜載驅＞、＜猗嗟＞等四篇，以見惡魯桓、刺魯莊 之說不可信。主要綜理詩家之論，繫聯史傳，整合辨析，試圖使詩義詮釋更 適切，解讀更合情而理順。

The “Great Preface” and later exegeses conventionally interpreted songs from 15 countries (十五國風) as having a purpose of criticizing and admonishing. In the case of Qi songs, some songs are believed to explicitly criticize the leader of Lu. This is a peculiar point deserving our attention and investigation. This article therefore explores several Qi songs related to the Lord of Lu to show the interpretation that the so-called criticizing Lord Lu as purported in the Preface has no valid ground. This new interpretation should be able to contribute to our further understanding of the nature of the Book of Songs.