處郡蠻之腹－－唐宋時期的宜州

Amid the paunch of the barbarians—Yizhou in the Tang and Song Dynasties

唐置宜州意在屏障柳州，以「控交趾、昆明等十五部嶺南要害」，防範西原蠻患。宋時並於宜州建置慶遠軍節度，屯半將戍守，並於險要之處及交通要口置寨，負責防守蠻邊、監管羈縻州及接待五姓蕃入貢的任務。北宋時曾多次將宜州鄰近羈縻州納為正州，嚴重排擠當地豪酋的利益，因而引起南丹、撫水與茅灘諸蠻的反抗，結果是付出慘痛代價。徽宗時改採「招撫政策」，此後直到清初，這裡依舊是部族統治的土司地區。雙方二百餘年的交往與戰爭過程，生動的說明了漢蠻民族的糾葛互動，而宜州就在兩個民族的勢力拉扯中，成為漢人王朝邊地的指揮中心，同時兼有政治、軍事、外交及經濟等多重功能，是一個「尤為緊要」的奧區。本文完整闡述唐宋時期宜州地區各經制州、羈縻州建置的演變，並將南丹莫氏與安化（撫水）蒙氏這兩個主要的宜州蠻與宋朝和戰互動的歷程編年列表，藉以分析朝廷政策與漢蠻關係的變化。

Yizhou’s foundation in Tang Dynasty was purposely to safeguard Liuzhou, as well as “to protect the fifteen strategic Lingnan outposts such as Jiaozhi and Kunming” from intruding Man tribes of the western plateau.During the Song Dynasty, Yizhou was also the base for the Qinyuanjun jiedu with assignments to defend the barbarian border, to supervise Jimizhou gubernatorials, and to receive tributary envoys of the Wushingman. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the central government elevated the Jimizhou gubernatorials near Yizhou as official-states, leading to catastrophic revolts by Nandanman, Fushuiman, and Maotanman tribes. During the Huizong era, the government shifted to a conciliatory policy that would set the tone for this region as the Tusi region till the Qing Dynasty. For two hundred years, the Han and the Man peoples engaged in war and in peace, Yizhou area performs as the border command node of the Han people, as well as performing political, military, diplomatic and economic functions—in short, a vital, important location. This paper depicts the entire panorama and diachronic change of the official-states and Jimizhou in the Yizhou region during the Tang and Song Dynasties, and compiles a chronological list of interactions between the Nandan M family and Anhua (Fushui) Mong family, two major aboriginal constituencies of Yizhou, to further analyze the change on government politics and Han-Man relationship.